干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2011, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (1): 13-19.

• 农业与气候资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于图层约束的自然灾害风险制图综合初探——以西北干旱区为例

 潘东华1,2, 王静爱1,2,3, 王瑛1,3, 贾慧聪1,2   

    1. 北京师范大学 地理学与遥感科学学院，北京 100875
    2. 北京师范大学 区域地理研究实验室；北京 100875
    3. 民政部/教育部 减灾与应急管理研究院，北京 100875
  • 收稿日期:2008-10-13 修回日期:2009-01-14 发布日期:2011-09-06
  • 作者简介:潘东华（1981-），男，江苏丹阳人，博士研究生，主要从事GIS技术在自然灾害与风险管理中的应用研究.E-mail: eliteast@mail.bnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家科技支撑计划项目（2006BAD20B02）资助

Elementary Study on Natural Disaster Risk Mapping Generalization Based on Drawinglayer Constraint—A Case Study in the Arid Regions in Northwest China

 PAN  Dong-Hua1,2, WANG  Jing-Ai1,2,3, WANG  Ying1,3, JIA  Hui-Cong1,2   

    1. College of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Regional Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
    3. Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Civil Affairs & Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
  • Received:2008-10-13 Revised:2009-01-14 Online:2011-09-06

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摘要： 地图自动综合是一项表达客观地理规律的复杂的决策处理过程，也是灾害风险制图，特别是自动制图综合的热点和难点。从灾害系统理论角度出发，运用地理学规律，在GIS等技术支持下，结合传统制图综合的相关理念和技术，探讨基于图层约束的灾害风险制图综合的内涵、方法，并以我国西北干旱区为例，基于人口与绿洲承灾体图层约束，评价区域灾害风险等级。结果表明：自然灾害风险制图综合理论构架可以表征为语义、结构、阈值、空间和视觉学方面的图层约束。西北干旱区基于人口与绿洲承灾体图层约束的风险制图，对于风险识别、风险防范更具明辨性、准确性和区域针对性。

关键词: 制图, 图层约束, 灾害系统, 风险, 西北干旱区, 中国

Abstract: A risk map of natural disasters is an atlas to indicate the intensity of predicted disaster risk which may occur over next several decades in a region, and is the basis of regional risk management. Automatic map generalization is a complex decisionmaking process of expressing objective laws of geography, and also a hot and tough issue in disaster risk mapping. Researches on automatic map generalization of natural disaster risk mapping are insufficient at home and abroad, and the expression about the risk map is mostly at the stage of risk assessment. Map generalization for specific regions from the contents and summarization is still relatively weak due to the changes of scales or use of risk maps, and therefore map generalization has an important practical significance for west China where it is sparsely populated with complicated disasteroccurring environment, various natural disasters, and low social and economic development level. In this paper, the connotation and methods of disaster risk map generalization constrained by drawing layers are studied based on the disaster system theory, related concepts and techniques of traditional map generalization, geographic laws and GIS means. A risk map generalization theoretical framework of natural disasters was developed, which is characterized by the semantic constraints of disaster system, structure constraints of disasteroccurring environment, threshold constraints of disasterinducing factors, spatial constraints of disasteraffecting bodies and visual constraints of disaster occurring conditions. The natural disasters including earthquake, drought, dust storm, snow disasters, and regional disaster risk grades in arid regions in northwest China are assessed based on the constrained layers. The results show that the highrisk disaster areas in the study area are mainly distributed in the Hetao Plain in west Inner Mongolia, the Hexi Corridor and peripheral oases of the basins.

Key words: generalization, layer constrain, disaster system, risk, arid zone of northwest, China

中图分类号: 

  • X43