干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2011, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (5): 737-743.

• 水资源及其利用 •    下一篇

合理开发利用地下水是新疆盐渍化耕地改良的重要途径

樊自立, 乔木, 徐海量, 张青青, 李和平, 张鹏, 周生斌, 卢磊   

  1. 中国科学院 新疆生态与地理研究所，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 收稿日期:2010-08-11 修回日期:2010-10-08 出版日期:2011-09-15 发布日期:2011-10-16
  • 作者简介:樊自立（1938-），男，研究员，自然地理专业，从事干旱区资源与环境研究.
  • 基金资助:

    新疆维吾尔自治区重大专项（200733144-1）

Rational Groundwater Exploitation and Utilization, an Important Approach of Improving Salinized Farmland in Xinjiang

FAN  Zi-Li, QIAO  Mu, XU  Hai-Liang, ZHANG  Qing-Qing, LI  He-Ping, ZHANG  Peng, ZHOU  Sheng-Bin, LU  Lei   

  1. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
  • Received:2010-08-11 Revised:2010-10-08 Online:2011-09-15 Published:2011-10-16

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被引次数

25

摘要： 新疆地处内陆干旱区，土壤积盐严重，根据中巴地球资源卫星2005年遥感影像解译和实际调查，新疆现有耕地面积5.05×106 hm2，其中盐渍化耕地面1.62×106  hm2，占耕地总面积的32.07%，占新疆中低产田60%以上，土壤盐渍化是影响新疆农业发展的主要因素。盐渍化耕地大多分布在地下水较高的地区，如冲积扇扇缘地下水溢出带、大河三角洲、冲积平原中下部及淡水湖湖滨平原，这里地下水矿化度不高，含水层富水性好，有些还具有承压或自流水分布，是利用地下水的最好地段。在这些地方开发地下水既能增加灌溉用水量，解决春旱和灌溉高峰期缺水问题，又能降低地下水位，使耕地实现稳定脱盐，一举两得。

关键词: 土壤盐渍化, 耕地改良, 地下水, 开发利用, 新疆

Abstract: Soil salinization is serious in arid regions of Xinjiang. According to the interpretation of remote sensing images of CBERS in 2005 and the data of field investigation, the area of farmland in Xinjiang was 5.05×106 hm2, in which the area of salinized farmland was 1.62×106 hm2 and occupied 32.07% of the total farmland area and 60% of the medial and lowyield farmland. Soil salinization is a main factor restricting agricultural development in Xinjiang. Salinized farmland is mainly distributed in the regions with high groundwater level, such as the groundwater overflow zone in the marginal zone of alluvial fans, deltas of large rivers, upper and central parts of alluvial plains and lakeside plains of freshwater lakes, where groundwater recharge is abundant, groundwater salinity is not high, waterbearing condition of aquiver is good, pressure water or artesian water is distributed in some regions, and these regions are optimal to utilize groundwater. To exploit groundwater in these areas can not only increase irrigation water volume, solve the shortage of irrigation water in spring and at the irrigation peak time, but can also bring about a drawdown of groundwater level and achieve a steady desalination of salinized farmland.

Key words: soil salinized, soil improvement, groundwater, exploitation and utilization, Xinjiang

中图分类号: 

  • S156.46