河西走廊明清时期旱灾与干旱气候事件初步研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2011, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 288-293.

河西走廊明清时期旱灾与干旱气候事件初步研究

郁科科¹, 赵景波^1,2, 罗大成¹

1. 陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院, 陕西西安 710062;
2. 中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室, 陕西西安 710075

收稿日期:2010-03-05 修回日期:2010-08-02 出版日期:2011-04-25 发布日期:2011-09-06
作者简介:郁科科(1985-),男,陕西武功人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为环境评价与治理.E-mail:yukeke@stu.snnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
教育部人文社科研究基地重大招标项目(05jjd770014)

Preliminary Study on Drought Disasters and Drought Events in the Hexi Corridor in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

YU Ke-ke¹, ZHAO Jing-bo^1,2, LUO Da-cheng¹

1. College of Tourism and Environment Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075 China

Received:2010-03-05 Revised:2010-08-02 Published:2011-04-25 Online:2011-09-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过对河西走廊明清时期历史资料的收集、整理和分析,对该时期干旱灾害等级、时间、空间特征、成因以及气候事件进行了研究。结果表明:河西走廊明清时期542年中共发生旱灾83次,平均6.5年发生1次。该地区旱灾可分为4个等级,轻度旱灾、中度旱灾、大旱灾和特大旱灾,分别发生13次、44次、19次和7次,发生频率依次为16%,53%,23%和8%。河西走廊明清时期旱灾在时间上可分为早期、中期和晚期3个阶段,晚期为旱灾高频期,早期和中期为低频期,从早期到晚期旱灾频次总体呈上升趋势。该地区旱灾在空间上存在自东向西递减的显著差异,这主要是人类过度、不合理开发水资源的结果。该地区明清时期旱灾发生的根本原因是气候变化,人类不合理开发河西绿洲加剧了旱灾的发生。河西走廊公元1763-1771年连续发生的旱灾确定为一次干旱气候事件。

关键词: 明清时期, 干旱灾害, 时空分布, 发生原因, 干旱等级, 河西走廊

Abstract: In this paper, the grade, temporal and spatial distribution and causes of drought disasters in the Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province in the Ming and Qing dynasties were studied based on collecting, sorting out and analyzing the historical data. The results show that 83 times of drought disasters occurred in the Hexi Corridor during the 542 years from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, and drought disaster occurred once every 6.5 years in average. The drought disasters in this area could be divided into 4 grades, i.e. the slight drought disasters (13 times), moderate drought disasters (44 times), serious drought disasters (19 times) and extremely serious drought disasters (7 times), and their proportions were 16%, 53%, 23% and 8% of the total respectively. Temporally, the drought disasters in the Hexi Corridor during Ming and Qing dynasties could be divided into early, middle and late stages, the occurring frequency of drought disasters was high at the late stage but low at the early and middle stages, and it was in an increase trend. Spatially, the drought disasters decreased significantly from the east to the west due to the excessive and irrational exploitation of water resources. However, the drought disasters in the Hexi Corridor were mainly caused by climate change. It is considered that the high occurring frequency of drought disasters during the period of 1763-1771 was an arid climatic event.

Key words: Ming and Qing dynasties, drought disaster, temporal and spatial distribution, reasons, drought grade, the Hexi Corridor

中图分类号:

P426.616

郁科科, 赵景波, 罗大成. 河西走廊明清时期旱灾与干旱气候事件初步研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2011, 28(2): 288-293.

YU Ke-ke, ZHAO Jing-bo, LUO Da-cheng. Preliminary Study on Drought Disasters and Drought Events in the Hexi Corridor in the Ming and Qing Dynasties[J]. , 2011, 28(2): 288-293.

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