新疆伊犁地区野果林的群落特征及保护

干旱区研究 ›› 2011, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 60-66.

新疆伊犁地区野果林的群落特征及保护

李利平¹, 海鹰², 安尼瓦尔·买买提³, 唐志尧¹, 方精云¹

1. 北京大学城市与环境学院生态学系北京大学地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871;
2. 新疆师范大学地理系, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830054;
3. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011

收稿日期:2010-11-08 修回日期:2010-11-24 出版日期:2011-02-25 发布日期:2011-09-06
通讯作者: 方精云.E-mail:jyfang@urban.pku.edu.cn
作者简介:李利平(1980-),女,河南孟津人,博士,主要研究方向为植被生态学.E-mail:liliping@pku.edu.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院学部重大咨询项目:新疆生态建设和可持续发展战略研究

Community Structure and Conservation of Wild Fruit Forests in the Ili Valley,Xinjiang

LI Li-ping¹, HAI Ying², Anwar Mohammat³, TANG Zhi-yao¹, FANG Jing-yun¹

1. Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences; Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
2. Department of Geography, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China;
3. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China

Received:2010-11-08 Revised:2010-11-24 Online:2011-02-25 Published:2011-09-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 新疆伊犁地区是我国野果林分布的主要地段。通过野外调查和资料收集,共获得67个野果林群落样方,分析了新疆伊犁地区野果林的群落结构及其分布特征。结果表明:野果林林下物种丰富,共记录维管束植物46科141属207种。群落分类将野果林划分为野核桃林、野苹果林、野杏林和野生樱桃李林4种类型。野杏林和野生樱桃李林的物种丰富度显著高于野核桃林和野苹果林;野苹果林的乔木密度显著高于野杏林;野核桃林的平均树高显著高于野生樱桃李林;4种林型的乔木平均胸径无显著差异。野果林下维管束植物的物种丰富度随海拔升高呈显著降低趋势,平均树高和平均胸径随海拔升高而增加,立木密度与海拔关系不显著。群落排序表明,野核桃林主要分布在温度较高的区域,野苹果林主要分布在温度较低的区域,野杏林广泛分布于伊犁山地,而野生樱桃李林仅分布于水分条件优越的霍城县部分山区。目前,伊犁地区野果林受人为破坏严重,需加强保护,建议进行种质资源收集甚至迁地保护。

关键词: 海拔高度, 气候因子, 群落结构, 物种丰富度, 野果林, 伊犁, 新疆

Abstract: Ili Valley in Xinjiang is one of the distribution centers of wild fruit species in the world. In this study, the species richness and structure of wild fruit forests in the Ili Valley were analyzed based on the investigated data from 67 sample plots. The results show that Juglans regia, Malus sieversii, Armeniaca vulgaris and Prunus sogdiana forests are the main wild fruit forests in the Ili Valley. In total, 207 species in 141 genera and 46 families have been recorded. Species richness is higher in the A. vulgaris and P. sogdiana forests than that in the J. regia and M. sieversii forests. Stem density of the M. sieversii forests is significantly higher than that of the A. vulgaris forests. Mean stem height (H_m) of the J. regia forests is higher than that of the P. sogdiana forests. There is no significant difference in mean stem diameter at breast height (D_m) among the four forest types. Species richness tends to decrease, whereas H_m and D_m tend to increase, and there is no significant change of stem density with the increase of altitude. The results of a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) reveal that the J. regia forests are mainly distributed in the warm areas, whereas the M. sieversii forests in the cold regions, and the A. vulgaris forests widely across the Ili Valley. Compared with other three forest types, P. sogdiana forests are only distributed in the mountainous areas in Huocheng County, where water availability is relatively high. The wild fruit forests in the Ili Valley are suffering from the severe destruction due to the intensive human activities, and they should be protected in some ways, such as the collection of germplasm resources and ex-situ conservation.

Key words: altitude, climate factor, community structure, species richness, wild fruit forest, Ili Valley, Xinjiang

中图分类号:

Q948.15

李利平, 海鹰, 安尼瓦尔·买买提, 唐志尧, 方精云. 新疆伊犁地区野果林的群落特征及保护[J]. 干旱区研究, 2011, 28(1): 60-66.

LI Li-ping, HAI Ying, Anwar Mohammat, TANG Zhi-yao, FANG Jing-yun. Community Structure and Conservation of Wild Fruit Forests in the Ili Valley,Xinjiang[J]. , 2011, 28(1): 60-66.

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