干旱区研究 ›› 2011, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 67-73.

• 水土资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国干旱区浅层地下水的形成、分布与运移

张鸿义1, 曾凡江2, 安海棠1   

  1. 1. 新疆地质工程勘察, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830091;
    2. 中国科学院 新疆生态与地理研究所, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 收稿日期:2009-06-12 修回日期:2009-11-26 出版日期:2011-02-25 发布日期:2011-09-06
  • 作者简介:张鸿义(1939-),男,河南禹州人,教授级高工,主要从事水文地质研究
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB421302);新疆科技重大专项项目(200733144-2);国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BAC54B01)资助

Formation,Distribution and Transport of Shallow Groundwater in Arid Areas,China

ZHANG Hong-yi1, ZENG Fan-jiang2, AN Hai-tang1   

  1. 1. Xinjiang Institute of Geological Engineering Survey, Urumqi 830091, China;
    2. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
  • Received:2009-06-12 Revised:2009-11-26 Online:2011-02-25 Published:2011-09-06

摘要: 地球陆地浅层地下水的形成过程是大气降水、地表水与地下水相互转化的过程。主要依赖山区河流出山口径流维系生存和发展的中国干旱区,浅层地下水的形成过程完全不同于我国东部湿润区和青藏高寒区。研究表明:中国干旱区山地地下水以降水(雪冰融水)入渗补给为主,且最终转变为地表水补给河流,并参与平原盆地浅层地下水的形成过程;而盆地平原浅层地下水以出山口后的地表径流大量入渗为主。地下水和地表水都源于山区。受地质地貌条件的影响,在干旱区盆地平原地下水与地表水表现出多次相互转换的过程,为地下水的利用提供了便利,也为当地经济社会发展,人民生活改善提供了良好的条件。

关键词: 地下水, 地表水, 分布规律, 盆地平原, 山区, 干旱区, 中国

Abstract: Formation of shallow groundwater is an inter-transform process of precipitation, surface water and groundwater. Formation of shallow groundwater in the arid areas in China, where shallow groundwater relies mainly on runoff from the debouchures of rivers, is quite different from that in the humid regions in east China and the high-cold Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The studies reveal that mountainous groundwater is mainly recharged by rainfall (or glacial-snow melt water) permeation in the arid areas in China. Rainfall recharges rivers after it is transformed as surface water, and also plays a certain role in the formation process of shallow groundwater in the plain basins. Shallow groundwater in the plain basins is mainly recharged by surface runoff permeation downstream from the debouchures. Groundwater and surface water is from the mountainous regions. Affected by geologic and geomorphologic conditions, the multiple transform processes of groundwater and surface water in the plain basins provide the advantages for utilizing groundwater and the favorite conditions for improving the local social and economic development and people's life.

Key words: shallow groundwater, surface water, distribution, basin plain, mountainous region, arid area, China

中图分类号: 

  • P641.1