新疆野生动植物物种丰富度的分布格局

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 新疆野生动植物种类丰富,有野生维管束植物3 637种、鸟类425种和哺乳动物154种。在广泛收集这些植物和动物分布资料的基础上,绘制了新疆动植物物种丰富度分布图,分析这些物种丰富度分布之间的关系,并得到物种丰富度分布的热点地区。新疆动植物丰富度北疆高于南疆,西部高于东部;阿尔泰山、天山西部和准噶尔西部山地是物种丰富度分布的热点地区。维管束植物、盐生植物、短命植物、特有植物和重点保护植物的丰富度之间、鸟类和哺乳动物与维管束植物的丰富度之间均为正相关关系。不同类群物种丰富度分布的热点地区不完全重叠:维管束植物丰富度的热点地区位于阿尔泰山西部、准噶尔西部山地和天山中西部;鸟类丰富度的热点地区可以延伸到天山西部南坡及天山东部的部分地区;哺乳动物的热点分布区较为集中,主要分布在阿尔泰山和天山西部。目前已建成的保护区涵盖了大部分的物种丰富度热点地区,但是沙湾-玛纳斯地区为保护空缺,需加强保护。

关键词: 哺乳动物, 热点地区, 鸟类, 维管束植物, 分布格局, 物种丰富度, 新疆

Abstract: There are 3 637 wild vascular plants, 425 birds and 154 mammals in Xinjiang. In this study, a database of the distribution of all the plants, birds and mammals in Xinjiang was compiled, the distribution maps of the species richness of plants and animals were charted, the relations between these species were analyzed, and distribution hotspots of the species richness were obtained. The results revealed that the species richness in the northern and western parts of Xinjiang was higher than that in the southern and eastern parts. There were positive correlations of the richness among the vascular plants, halophytes, ephemeral plants, endemic plants and key protective plants, and there were also positive correlation between the richness of vascular plants and that of birds and mammals. Hotspots of different taxonomic groups were incongruent. Hotspots of vascular plants were distributed in the western part of the Altay Mountains, the western and central parts of the Tianshan Mountains, and the mountains in the west Junggar Basin; those of birds extended as far as the east Tianshan Mountains and the southern slope of the west Tianshan Mountains; and those of mammals were distributed only in the Altay Mountains and the west Tianshan Mountains. Altogether only 8.9% of the hotspots were shared by all the three groups. Current nature reserve networks cover the most of these hotspots. However, the Shawan-Manas region is an important conservation gap for biodiversity in Xinjiang.

Key words: mammal, hotspot, bird, vascular plant, distribution pattern, species richness, Xinjiang

中图分类号:

Q948.12

李利平, 尹林克, 唐志尧. 新疆野生动植物物种丰富度的分布格局[J]. 干旱区研究, 2011, 28(1): 1-9.

LI Li-ping, YIN Lin-ke, TANG Zhi-yao. Distribution Patterns of the Species Richness of Plants and Animals in Xinjiang,China[J]. , 2011, 28(1): 1-9.

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