青藏高原大气气溶胶垂直分布的飞机观测

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.11.14

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用2020年5月18—22日5次飞机机载观测数据，对青藏高原东北部大气气溶胶的颗粒物粒径分布和浓度垂直差异进行分析，构建背景气溶胶谱特征。结果表明：（1）研究区域中分散云系自西向东移动，云顶高度（Cloud Top Height，CTH）在8000~10000 m之间。后向轨迹表明6000~7000 m主要受周边环境传输影响，高空气溶胶粒子与远距离大气传输相关，来自青藏高原边缘。（2）大气气溶胶平均有效直径（r_e）为0.68 μm，平均浓度（N_a）为10²~10³ cm^-3。气溶胶谱型为多峰型。（3）气溶胶分为3种模态，Mode I的N_a为10² cm^-3，Mode II的N_a为10¹ cm^-3，Mode III的N_a为10^-1~10⁰ cm^-3。N_a随高度升高而降低，随着温度（T）的下降而下降，N_a与T呈显著正相关。随相对湿度（RH）的升高，气溶胶谱型不变，但气溶胶粒子数（dN_a）和粒子直径（D）的比值（dN_a/dD）逐渐上升。（4）云滴离散度（ε）表征云滴大小的不均匀性，7000~8000 m时ε值较高在0.4左右，该高度处云滴尺度变化最显著。文中对ε-N_a进行了线性拟合和幂指数拟合，两种拟合均表明ε-N_a为负相关关系。

关键词: 飞机观测, 气溶胶, 垂直分布, 离散度, 青藏高原

Abstract:

To analyze the vertical variations of particle size distribution and atmospheric particulate concentrations in the middle and lower atmosphere of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and clarify the characteristics of the background aerosol spectra, this study utilized the aircraft-borne observational data from five flights in 2020 to analyze the size distribution and number concentration of atmospheric aerosols in the northeastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. (1) The scattered cloud systems in the research area moved from west to east, with the cloud top height ranging from 8000 to 10000 m. The backward trajectories demonstrated that the altitude range of 6000-7000 m was primarily affected by the surrounding environmental transmission. The high-altitude aerosol particles were associated with long-distance atmospheric transport, and they originated from the edge of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. (2) Aerosols in the middle and lower atmospheric layers over the northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau were predominantly small particles with an average effective diameter (r_e) of 0.68 μm and an average concentration (N_a) of 10²-10³ cm^-3. On average, N_a and r_e reached 507.16 cm^-3 and 0.40 μm, respectively, in the vertical profile, exhibiting a multi-peak structure. (3) The aerosols could be categorized into three modes, with Mode I having mean N_a of 10² cm^-3 and Mode II having mean N_a of 10¹ cm^-3. For Mode III, mean N_a ranged 10^-1-10⁰ cm^-3. N_a decreased with increasing altitude. N_a gradually decreased with decreasing temperature, indicating a significant positive correlation. As relative humidity increased, the aerosol spectral type remained stable, but the concentration gradually increased. (4) At vertical heights of 7000-8000 m, the relative dispersion of cloud droplet (ε) value was relatively high at approximately 0.4, suggesting that cloud droplet sizes vary more significantly at this altitude range. Linear fitting and power-law both indicated a negative correlation between ε and N_a.

Key words: airborne observation, aerosols, vertical distribution, relative dispersion, Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

张玉欣, 张博越, 侯永慧, 康晓燕. 青藏高原大气气溶胶垂直分布的飞机观测[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(11): 2117-2126.

ZHANG Yuxin, ZHANG Boyue, HOU Yonghui, KANG Xiaoyan. Airborne observation of the vertical distribution of atmospheric aerosols over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(11): 2117-2126.

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编号	日期/年-月-日	飞机起降时间（北京时）	天气状况	高度 /m	样本数 /个	T/°C	RH/%
B1	2020-05-18	13:41—15:26	晴	2129~7792	5554	-27.84~21.29	20~99
B2	2020-05-19	16:27—18:22	多云	2126~7772	6945	-22.30~10.67	32~94
B3	2020-05-20	12:20—15:40	晴	2928~7808	11961	-24.10~19.16	1~100
B4	2020-05-21	08:43—10:35	多云	2116~7823	4727	-21.74~13.09	30~80
B5	2020-05-22	08:22—10:50	晴	2116~7834	7957	-30.82~12.31	34~87