柴达木盆地湖泊微生物群落特征与功能解析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.08.08

干旱区研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (8): 1437-1450.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.08.08 cstr: 32277.14.AZR.20250808

柴达木盆地湖泊微生物群落特征与功能解析

谢燕琴¹(), 王丹丹¹^,²^,³(), 黄跃飞¹^,²^,³, 贾海超¹, 殷恒芝¹, 李伯荣¹, 高印轩¹

1.青海大学土木水利学院，青海西宁 810016
2.黄河上游生态保护与高质量发展实验室，青海西宁 810016
3.水利部江河源区水生态治理与保护重点实验室, 青海西宁 810016

收稿日期:2025-03-18 修回日期:2025-06-18 出版日期:2025-08-15 发布日期:2025-11-24
通讯作者: 王丹丹. E-mail: 2023990002@qhu.edu.cn
作者简介:谢燕琴（2000-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事高原湖泊微生物等方面的研究. E-mail: xieyanqin2024@163.com
基金资助:
青海省基础研究计划项目(2024-ZJ-955)

Characterizations and functions of microbial communities in lakes in the Qaidam Basin

XIE Yanqin¹(), WANG Dandan¹^,²^,³(), HUANG Yuefei¹^,²^,³, JIA Haichao¹, YIN Hengzhi¹, LI Borong¹, GAO Yinxuan¹

1. School of Civil Engineering and Water Resources, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
2. Laboratory of Ecological Protection and High Quality Development in the Upper Yellow River, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
3. Key Laboratory of Water Ecology Remediation and Protection at Headwater Regions of Big Rivers, Ministry of Water Resources, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China

Received:2025-03-18 Revised:2025-06-18 Published:2025-08-15 Online:2025-11-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究湖泊沉积物微生物群落结构和功能是理解湖泊生态系统稳定性和生物地球化学循环的关键。本文基于高通量测序技术对柴达木盆地的尕海、托素湖、可鲁克湖和小柴旦湖4个典型湖泊沉积物细菌和真菌群落结构特征、驱动因素、相互作用、构建过程和潜在功能进行分析。结果表明：（1）可鲁克湖沉积物细菌和真菌群落的多样性和丰度最高，Kruskal-Wallis检验表明采样湖泊沉积物细菌和真菌群落alpha多样性指数差异均不显著（P> 0.05）。（2）采样湖泊沉积物细菌的优势菌门为厚壁菌门（Firmicutes），占比3.06%~57.58%。采样湖泊沉积物真菌的优势菌门为子囊菌门（Ascomycota），占比10.12%~97.51%。总磷（Total Phosphorus，TP）是细菌群落结构变化的最显著驱动因子，经度（Longitude，Lon）是真菌群落结构变化的最显著驱动因子。细菌和真菌菌群之间的相互作用以正相关为主，占比96.05%。（3）细菌群落构建过程由扩散限制主导，占比59.09%。真菌群落构建由漂变和其他过程主导，占比80.10%。功能预测结果显示细菌群落主要参与氨基酸转运和代谢，真菌群落主要参与降解有机质和分解死亡的宿主细胞。本研究不仅为柴达木盆地湖泊微生物资源的挖掘提供基础数据支撑，也为该区域湖泊生态环境保护和修复提供了科学依据。

关键词: 湖泊沉积物, 细菌, 真菌, 互作模式, 构建机理, 群落功能

Abstract:

Assessments of microbial community structure and function in lake sediments are critical for understanding the stability of lake ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles. This study applied high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the structural characteristics, driving factors, interactions, assembly processes, and potential functions of bacterial and fungal communities in sediments from four typical lakes in the Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province, China. The results showed: (1) The diversity and abundance of bacterial and fungal communities were highest in the sediments of Keluke Lake. However, the Kruskal-Wallis test illustrated that the differences in the alpha diversity indices of bacterial and fungal communities in the lake sediments were not significant (P>0.05). (2) The dominant bacterial phylum in the sampled lake sediments was Firmicutes (3.06%-57.58%), whereas the dominant fungal phylum was Ascomycota (10.12%-97.51%). Total Phosphorus was the most significant driving factor for bacterial community structure, whereas longitude was the most significant driving factor for fungal community structure. The interactions between bacterial and fungal communities were predominantly positive (96.05%). (3) The assembly process of bacterial communities was dominated by dispersal limitation (59.09%), whereas that of fungal communities was dominated by drift and other processes (80.10%). Functional prediction indicated that bacterial communities were mainly involved in amino acid transport and metabolism, whereas fungal communities mainly participated in degrading organic matter and decomposing dead host cells. This study provides basic data support for the excavation of lake microbial resources in the Qaidam Basin and offers a scientific basis for the ecological environment protection and restoration of lakes in this region.

Key words: lake sediment, bacteria, fungi, interaction patterns, construction mechanisms, community functions

谢燕琴, 王丹丹, 黄跃飞, 贾海超, 殷恒芝, 李伯荣, 高印轩. 柴达木盆地湖泊微生物群落特征与功能解析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(8): 1437-1450.

XIE Yanqin, WANG Dandan, HUANG Yuefei, JIA Haichao, YIN Hengzhi, LI Borong, GAO Yinxuan. Characterizations and functions of microbial communities in lakes in the Qaidam Basin[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(8): 1437-1450.

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样点名称	Lon	Lat	Alt/m	pH	TDS/（mg·L^-1）	TN/（mg·kg^-1）	TP/（mg·kg^-1）	TOC/（mg·kg^-1）
GHL1S	97°36′E	37°07′N	2854	9.06	61998.15	0.44	0.67	3.17
GHL2S	97°31′E	37°07′N	2853	9.11	62707.97	0.45	1.29	3.20
GHL3S	97°31′E	37°07′N	2853	9.14	62670.68	0.85	1.26	8.91
TSL1S	97°00′E	37°10′N	2811	8.99	18489.29	0.55	1.32	2.22
TSL2S	96°59′E	37°09′N	2814	8.93	18517.22	0.55	1.41	2.58
KLKL1S	96°54′E	37°18′N	2816	8.59	736.22	0.91	1.33	10.81
KLKL2S	96°51′E	37°17′N	2817	8.32	774.76	1.43	1.33	13.77
XCDL1S	95°25′E	37°29′N	3178	9.45	36487.46	0.19	0.87	1.59
XCDL2S	95°30′E	37°27′N	3179	9.49	36346.12	0.17	0.92	0.96
XCDL3S	95°25′E	37°31′N	3178	8.21	36132.84	0.39	0.80	3.19

	alpha多样性指数	尕海	托素湖	可鲁克湖	小柴旦湖	P
细菌	Shannon指数	5.68	4.71	5.71	5.25	0.30
	Chao1指数	2749.04	1599.89	3107.62	2219.14	0.12
	PD指数	160.10	103.64	157.42	152.61	0.21
	Pielou均匀度指数	0.74	0.65	0.74	0.71	0.59
真菌	Shannon指数	2.66	2.08	2.83	1.75	0.29
	Chao1指数	184.37	64.63	411.86	53.55	0.82
	PD指数	66.07	26.36	126.08	23.01	0.08
	Pielou均匀度指数	0.52	0.50	0.51	0.44	0.61

	环境因子	RDA1	RDA2	R²	P
细菌	Lon	0.3327	-0.9430	0.2577	0.41
	pH	0.8912	0.4536	0.0596	0.81
	TP	0.6697	-0.7527	0.7580	0.01
	TOC	0.6141	-0.7892	0.0482	0.82
	Temp	-0.5876	0.8091	0.0286	0.93
真菌	Lon	0.9954	-0.0963	0.5587	0.04
	TP	0.2288	0.9735	0.3049	0.30
	TOC	0.4640	0.8858	0.5292	0.10
	Temp	0.5261	0.8505	0.5642	0.15

柴达木盆地湖泊微生物群落特征与功能解析

Characterizations and functions of microbial communities in lakes in the Qaidam Basin

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