梭梭种子内生微生物群落组成及功能

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.09.08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示荒漠植物种子内生微生物的生态适应机制及促生潜力，本文以旱生植物梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）种子为研究对象，结合高通量测序和传统培养技术，揭示其内生微生物群落结构特征和促生、抗逆潜力。结果表明：梭梭种子内生细菌涵盖31门668种，优势门为厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）；内生真菌涉及13门583种，优势门为子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota）。功能注释显示其内生微生物的分工特征，内生细菌以化能异养和发酵功能为主，内生真菌群落呈现腐生与病原功能分化。常规培养方法筛选到13株可培养内生细菌，其中包括两株多功能促生菌（Priestia aryabhattai HB-4、Priestia megaterium HB-9）和3株耐盐碱菌株（Bacillus zhangzhouensis HB-6、Bacillus safensis HB-10及Bacillus pumilus HB-11）。实验结果显示，菌株HB-4和HB-9能够促进小麦生长；菌株HB-6、HB-10、HB-11能够缓解盐碱胁迫对小麦生长造成的抑制。本研究揭示了梭梭种子内生微生物的生态功能特征，为荒漠生态系统微生物资源挖掘及植物促生菌剂开发提供了新思路。

关键词: 梭梭种子, 内生微生物, 群落结构, 多样性, 促生菌

Abstract:

This study aimed to reveal the ecological adaptive mechanisms and agricultural potential of endophytic microorganisms in desert plant seeds, using Haloxylon ammodendron seeds as the research subject. We combined high-throughput sequencing and conventional culture techniques to analyze the structural characteristics of endophytic microbial communities in H. ammodendron seeds and elucidate their potential roles in plant growth promotion and stress resistance. The results revealed that the endophytic bacterial community in H. ammodendron seeds comprised 668 species spanning 31 phyla, dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, whereas the endophytic fungal community included 583 species spanning 13 phyla, dominated by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Functional annotation revealed distinct metabolic roles: the endophytic bacteria were enriched in chemoheterotrophy and fermentation, whereas the fungal communities exhibited saprophytic and pathogenic traits. Using conventional culture methods, we isolated 13 culturable endophytic bacterial strains, including two multifunctional plant growth-promoting strains (Priestia aryabhattai HB-4 and Priestia megaterium HB-9) and three salt-tolerant strains (Bacillus zhangzhouensis HB-6, Bacillus safensis HB-10, and Bacillus pumilus HB-11). Pot experiments demonstrated that HB-4 and HB-9 significantly enhanced wheat growth, while HB-6, HB-10, and HB-11 alleviated saline-alkaline stress in wheat. This study elucidates the ecological roles of endophytic microbes in H. ammodendron seeds, providing novel insights into the exploitation of microbial resources in desert ecosystems and the development of plant growth-promoting microbial agents.

Key words: Haloxylon ammodendron seeds, endophytic microorganisms, community structure, diversity, growth-promoting bacterial

朱朝华, 翟祎笑, 李欣荣, 缪潆祥, 马彤, 李善家. 梭梭种子内生微生物群落组成及功能[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(9): 1640-1649.

ZHU Zhaohua, ZHAI Yixiao, LI Xinrong, Miao Yingxiang, MA Tong, LI Shanjia. Community composition and functionalities of endophytic microorganisms in Haloxylon ammodendron seeds[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(9): 1640-1649.

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分组	土壤处理	浇水处理
对照（CK）	无菌水浸透土壤	定期浇无菌水
盐胁迫组	150 mmol·L^-1NaCl溶液浸透土壤	定期浇无菌水
碱胁迫组	150 mmol·L^-1无菌NaHCO₃溶液浸透土壤	定期浇无菌水
盐胁迫+菌剂处理组	150 mmol·L^-1NaCl溶液浸透土壤	定期浇菌悬液
碱胁迫+菌剂处理组	150 mmol·L^-1无菌NaHCO₃溶液浸透土壤	定期浇菌悬液

指数	ACE	Chao1	Simpson	Shannon	Coverage
细菌	1647.45±29.79	1638.44±28.75	0.98±0.00	7.78±0.02	1.00
真菌	593.11±126.47	590.84±125.92	0.98±0.00	7.36±0.19	1.00

菌株	比对结果	相似度/%	NCBI序列号	GenBank登录号
HB-1	高空芽孢杆菌Bacillus altitudinis	99.88	NR_042337.1	PQ774797
HB-2	短小芽孢杆菌Bacillus pumilus	98.94	NR_115334.1	PQ774798
HB-3	空气芽孢杆菌Bacillus aerius	99.88	NR_118439.1	PQ836096
HB-4	阿氏普里斯特氏菌Priestia aryabhattai	100.00	NR_115953.1	PQ774800
HB-5	玫瑰色考克氏菌Kocuria rosea	99.89	NR_044871.1	PQ836097
HB-6	漳州芽孢杆菌Bacillus zhangzhouensis	99.89	NR_148786.1	PQ836098
HB-7	耐寒短杆菌Peribacillus frigoritolerans	98.25	NR_115064.1	PQ774803
HB-8	巨大芽孢杆菌Priestia megaterium	97.54	NR_116873.1	PQ836099
HB-9	巨大芽孢杆菌Priestia megaterium	98.70	NR_112636.1	PQ774805
HB-10	沙福芽孢杆菌Bacillus safensis	97.21	NR_041794.1	PQ836100
HB-11	短小芽孢杆菌Bacillus pumilus	98.58	NR_043242.1	PQ836101
HB-12	地衣芽孢杆菌Bacillus licheniformis	99.78	NR_074923.1	PQ774804
HB-13	嗜糖土地芽孢杆菌Terribacillus aidingensis	97.90	NR_114288.1	PQ836102

菌株	IAA产量/（μg·mL^-1）	固氮	解磷（D/d）	产铁载体	耐盐	耐碱
HB-1	－	+	1.50±0.04ef	－	－	+
HB-2	－	+	1.54±0.09de	－	－	+
HB-3	－	+	2.36±0.13a	－	－	+
HB-4	18.48±2.70a	+	－	－	－	－
HB-5	10.67±0.26b	+	－	－	－	+
HB-6	－	+	1.77±0.05c	－	+	+
HB-7	0.25±0.16d	+	－	+	－	－
HB-8	5.22±2.14c	－	1.40±0.03f	+	－	－
HB-9	8.43±1.07b	－	1.90±0.07b	+	－	－
HB-10	－	+	－	－	+	+
HB-11	－	+	－	－	+	+
HB-12	－	+	1.64±0.01d	－	+	－
HB-13	－	－	－	－	+	－

指标	对照组CK	HB-4处理组	HB-9处理组
鲜重/g	0.16±0.00c	0.36±0.01b	0.43±0.01a
干重/g	0.04±0.00b	0.07±0.01a	0.05±0.00b
茎长/cm	22.83±4.01b	29.50±1.73a	28.50±0.50ab
根长/cm	10.67±1.53b	13.83±1.89ab	15.50±1.32a
叶绿素含量/(mg·g^-1)	1.09±0.09b	1.48±0.13a	1.42±0.20ab
丙二醛含量/(μmol·L^-1)	10.33±0.16a	7.61±0.45b	6.86±1.84b
CAT活性/(U·mg^-1)	2.52±0.05c	4.99±0.07a	3.58±0.19b
POD活性/(U·mg^-1)	73.75±3.61b	92.40±4.66ab	101.64±19.78a
脯氨酸含量/(μg·g^-1)	16.00±0.79b	20.80±1.95a	13.84±1.98b