甘肃兴隆山不同演替阶段群落土壤氮素矿化对温度的响应

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.06.08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤氮素矿化是土壤中氮素循环的关键过程，而温度是影响土壤氮素矿化的最重要的因素之一，研究温度变化对不同演替阶段群落土壤氮素矿化特征的影响，对于明确陆地生态系统中土壤氮素循环过程具有重要意义。本研究以甘肃兴隆山不同演替阶段群落为研究对象，采用室内恒温好气培养法，研究不同演替阶段群落[（草地、灌丛林、白桦林（Betula platyphylla forest）、青杄-白桦林（Picea wilsonii-Betula platyphylla forest）和青杄林（Picea wilsonii forest）]在不同温度（15 ℃、25 ℃和35 ℃）下的土壤氮素矿化特征。结果表明：（1）除草地的0~20 cm土层外，其余演替阶段群落土壤氮素矿化速率随着温度（15~35 ℃）的增加而增大，且不同演替阶段群落土壤氮素累积矿化量随着温度的增加而增加；（2）随着演替的正向推进，不同演替阶段群落土壤氮素矿化速率与累积矿化量均呈先升高后降低趋势，白桦林的土壤氮素矿化速率最大，分别均是草地、灌丛林、青杄-白桦林、青杄林的1.63倍、1.61倍、1.25倍、1.47倍；而青杄-白桦林的累积矿化量最高，分别是草地、灌丛林、白桦林、青杄林的0.68倍、0.72倍、0.84倍、0.97倍；（3）随着土壤深度的增加，土壤氮素矿化速率与累积矿化量均呈降低趋势，以0~20 cm土层的最大；（4）不同演替阶段群落在15 ℃培养和25 ℃培养下的温度敏感系数Q₁₀均有显著差异（P<0.05），随着演替的正向进行，温度敏感系数Q₁₀呈先降低后增加趋势，而不同演替阶段群落在25 ℃培养和35 ℃培养下的温度敏感系数Q₁₀均无显著差异（P>0.05）。研究结果将为群落土壤的质量演变和土壤供氮能力的动态变化提供理论依据。

关键词: 土壤氮素矿化, 温度, 演替阶段, 兴隆山, 甘肃

Abstract:

Soil nitrogen mineralization is a crucial process of the soil nitrogen cycle, with temperature being one of the most important factors affecting soil nitrogen mineralization. Studying the effect of temperature on soil nitrogen mineralization characteristics in different successional stages is of great significance for understanding the soil nitrogen cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, the communities in different successional stages of Xinglong Mountain in Gansu Province were selected as the research objects. The indoor, constant temperature, aerobic culture method was used to study the soil nitrogen mineralization characteristics of five successional stages: grasslands, shrub forests, Betula platyphylla forests, Picea wilsonii-Betula platyphylla forests, and Picea wilsonii forests under temperatures of 15 ℃, 25 ℃, and 35 ℃. The results showed that (1) except for the soil at a depth of 0-20 cm in grasslands, the increase in the soil nitrogen mineralization rate of the other successional stages was directly proportional to the temperature, and the cumulative mineralization of soil nitrogen in the different successional stages showed a similar trend. (2) with the positive advancement of succession, the soil nitrogen mineralization rate and cumulative mineralization amount of different successional stages initially enhanced but then diminished. The soil nitrogen mineralization rate of B. platyphylla forests was the highest, which was 1.63-, 1.61-, 1.25-, and 1.47- times more than that of grasslands, shrub forests, P. wilsonii-B. platyphylla forests, and P. wilsonii forests, respectively. The soil nitrogen mineralization rate and cumulative mineralization amount of P. wilsonii-B. platyphylla forest were the highest, which were 0.68-, 0.72-, 0.84-, and 0.97-times greater than those of grasslands, shrub forests, B. platyphylla forests, and P. wilsonii forests, respectively. (3) the soil nitrogen mineralization rate and cumulative mineralization were inversely proportional to the soil depth, with the maximum detected at a depth of 0-20 cm. (4) the temperature sensitivity coefficient (Q₁₀) at 15 ℃ and 25 ℃ in different successional stages varied markedly (P<0.05). The Q₁₀at first decreased and then increased in relation to the positive succession. The Q₁₀ between the communities in different succession stages at 25 ℃ and 35 ℃ did not alter remarkably (P>0.05). The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the evolution of soil quality and the dynamic changes in the soil nitrogen supply capacities in the community.

Key words: soil nitrogen mineralization, temperature, succession stage, Xinglong Mountain, Gansu

唐维春, 刘小娥, 苏世平, 田晓娟, 唐庆童, 张婧. 甘肃兴隆山不同演替阶段群落土壤氮素矿化对温度的响应[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(6): 984-997.

TANG Weichun, LIU Xiao’e, SU Shiping, TIAN Xiaojuan, TANG Qingtong, ZHANG Jing. Response of soil nitrogen mineralization to temperature along the different successional stages in Xinglong Mountain, Gansu Province, China[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(6): 984-997.

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样地名称	地理位置	海拔/m	植被类型
草地	35°47.336′N,104°03.929′E	2821	草地
灌丛林	35°47.312′N,104°03.009′E	2810	灌丛
白桦林 Betula platyphylla forest	35°47.979′N,104°03.501′E	2803	森林
青杄-白桦林 Picea wilsonii-Betula platyphylla forest	35°46.827′N,104°03.986′E	2811	森林
青杄林 Picea wilsonii forest	35°47.323′N,104°03.068′E	2813	森林

样地名称	土层/cm	田间持水量/%	pH	全氮/（g·kg^-1）	有机质含量/(g·kg^-1)
草地	0~20	64.12±3.34Ca	4.25±0.16Da	2.36±0.47Aa	140.376±Aa
	20~40	43.31±0.86Cb	4.54±0.20Ca	2.30±1.09Aa	107.322±Ab
	40~60	7.48±0.23Dc	4.42±0.34Ba	1.70±0.89Aa	75.649±Ac
灌丛林	0~20	29.17±1.05Ea	4.95±0.10Ba	2.57±0.79Aa	71.795±Ca
	20~40	26.01±0.86Db	4.65±0.26Cab	2.50±0.35Aa	38.741±Db
	40~60	23.20±1.98Cc	4.43±0.32Bb	2.13±0.31Aa	27.068±Cc
白桦林	0~20	51.22±1.94Da	4.48±0.10Cb	2.98±0.76Aa	38.713±Da
	20~40	40.02±1.90Cb	4.52±0.06Cb	3.07±0.84Aa	25.659±Eb
	40~60	33.78±4.17Bc	4.72±0.10Ba	2.35±0.25Aa	13.986±Dc
青杄-白桦林	0~20	119.61±9.44Ba	5.25±0.10Ac	2.97±1.15Aa	134.043±Aa
	20~40	77.20±2.14Ab	5.53±0.10Bb	2.45±0.64Aa	100.989±Bb
	40~60	68.21±3.14Ab	5.81±0.10Aa	2.02±0.60Aa	69.316±Bc
青杄林	0~20	147.63±2.44Aa	5.32±0.10Ab	2.74±1.04Aa	95.49±Ba
	20~40	66.07±6.04Bb	5.87±0.10Aa	2.36±0.71Aa	62.436±Cb
	40~60	23.05±2.02Cc	5.91±0.10Aa	2.01±0.73Aa	30.763±Cc

因素	土壤氮素累积矿化量					土壤氮素矿化速率
因素	III 型平方和	自由度	均方	F	P	III 型平方和	自由度	均方	F	P
C	3050551.806	4	762637.951	189.075	0.000	3639.320	4	909.830	61.053	0.000
T	2919342.847	2	1459671.424	361.885	0.000	6658.647	2	3329.323	223.409	0.000
SL	10308879.556	2	5154439.778	1277.900	0.000	15483.943	2	7741.972	519.512	0.000
C×T	70743.412	8	8842.926	2.192	0.035	369.822	8	46.228	3.102	0.004
C×SL	190889.919	8	23861.240	5.916	0.000	1140.050	8	142.506	9.563	0.000
T×SL	521920.410	4	130480.102	32.349	0.000	734.509	4	183.627	12.322	0.000
C×T×SL	209610.291	16	13100.643	3.248	0.000	448.110	16	28.007	1.879	0.033

群落类型或土壤深度	土壤氮素累积矿化量/(mg·kg^-1)			最大矿化速率/(mg·kg^-1·d^-1)
群落类型或土壤深度	15 ℃	25 ℃	35 ℃	15 ℃	25 ℃	35 ℃
0~20 cm	304.57±3.19cⅠ	390.27±11.19bⅠ	442.74±12.97aⅠ	9.32±0.85bⅠ	15.79±1.28aⅠ	18.64±0.65aⅠ
20~40 cm	198.28±13.21bⅡ	277.17±17.12aⅡ	288.11±15.25aⅡ	4.56±0.16bⅡ	8.81±0.79aⅡ	9.31±0.41aⅡ
40~60 cm	157.08±9.15bⅢ	196.36±13.45aⅢ	211.00±9.22aⅢ	2.81±0.24bⅡ	5.39±0.45aⅢ	6.26±0.45aⅢ
草地	162.98±8.77Cb	245.08±14.06Ba	271.06±17.46Ca	3.3847±0.39Db	10.00±0.84ABa	11.40±0.51Ba
灌丛林	179.72±8.29Cb	254.95±13.49Ba	364.36±16.45Ca	3.62±0.33CDc	8.38±0.83Bb	10.49±0.37Ba
白桦林	296.22±9.63Ab	343.33±17.04Aa	366.69±11.48Aa	9.84±0.51Ab	12.36±0.69Aa	14.09±0.32Aa
青杄-白桦林	239.82±10.41Bb	323.15±11.32Aa	345.03±14.83ABa	6.18±0.32Bb	10.86±1.02ABa	12.08±0.67Ba
青杄林	221.15±5.49Bb	273.17±13.69Ba	303.79±11.27BCa	4.79±0.53Cb	9.58±0.86ABa	10.30±0.72Ba

温度/℃	植被类型	氮矿化速率 /（mg·kg^-1·d^-1）	比值	Q₁₀
15	草地	1.983
	灌丛林	1.979
	青杄林	2.657
	白桦林	5.634
	青杄-白桦林	3.743
25	草地	5.617	25/15	2.832±0.112A
	灌丛林	4.989	25/15	2.521±0.147B
	青杄林	5.892	25/15	2.217±0.138C
	白桦林	7.583	25/15	1.346±0.050E
	青杄-白桦林	6.032	25/15	1.612±0.035D
35	草地	6.116	35/25	1.089±0.076A
	灌丛林	5.358	35/25	1.074±0.097A
	青杄林	5.662	35/25	0.961±0.077A
	白桦林	8.339	35/25	1.1±0.075A
	青杄-白桦林	6.506	35/25	1.079±0.079A
15		3.199
25		6.022	25/15	1.882
35		6.396	35/25	1.062