露天煤矿人工林植被碳密度分配格局及其影响因素

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.06.07

干旱区研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 974-983.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.06.07 cstr: 32277.14.j.azr.2024.06.07

露天煤矿人工林植被碳密度分配格局及其影响因素

张建华¹(), 周晓阳², 郭旭婷¹, 杜鑫鑫¹, 安利¹, 秦浩³, 刘勇⁴, 张红⁴, 徐龙超²()

1.忻州师范学院生物系，山西忻州 034000
2.太原理工大学生态学学院，山西太原 030024
3.山西财经大学统计学院，山西太原 030006
4.山西大学黄土高原研究所，山西太原 030006

收稿日期:2023-12-11 修回日期:2024-03-29 出版日期:2024-06-15 发布日期:2024-07-03
作者简介:张建华（1978-），女，副教授，博士，主要从事植物生态学、生态系统物质循环研究. E-mail: wj123-2007@163.com
基金资助:
NSFC山西煤基低碳联合基金(U1910207);国家自然科学基金青年基金(31700413);山西省高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地项目(20210122);山西省基础研究计划（自由探索类）(202203021221224)

Carbon density distribution pattern and its factors of the artificial forest vegetation in opencast coal mine

ZHANG Jianhua¹(), ZHOU Xiaoyang², GUO Xuting¹, DU Xinxin¹, AN Li¹, QIN Hao³, LIU Yong⁴, ZHANG Hong⁴, XU Longchao²()

1. Department of Biology, Xinzhou Normal University, Xinzhou 034000, Shanxi, China
2. College of Ecology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
3. School of Statistics, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
4. Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China

Received:2023-12-11 Revised:2024-03-29 Published:2024-06-15 Online:2024-07-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

定量研究露天煤矿人工林植被碳密度分配格局及其影响因素，进而为矿区森林碳汇服务功能的提升提供数据基础。本研究以安太堡矿区排土场油松（Pinus tabulaeformis）、小叶杨（Populus microphylla）、加拿大杨（Populus canadensis）、刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia）、榆树（Ulmus pumila）和刺槐-榆树混交林为研究对象，基于样地本底调查和异速生长方程法，测定了不同人工林的碳密度及空间分布格局。加拿大杨林植被碳密度（36.95 t∙hm^-2）显著高于其他人工林（P<0.05），密植油松林植被碳密度显著高于疏植油松林（P<0.05）；人工林各组分碳密度整体表现为：乔木层>凋落物层>草本层、灌木层（P<0.05），其中，乔木层碳密度占植被碳密度的78.3%~93.6%，表明人工林植被碳密度以乔木层为主；人工林乔木层树干中碳密度显著高于根、枝和叶（P<0.05），加拿大杨林树干碳密度显著高于刺槐林和刺槐-榆树混交林，密植油松林显著高于疏植油松林。乔木层和凋落物层碳密度均与林分密度显著正相关，与草本高度和盖度显著负相关，且乔木层碳密度与乔木高度显著正相关（P<0.05）。从固碳功能来看，安太堡煤矿排土场复垦合理密植油松和加拿大杨，有利于矿区的生态恢复，从而实现生态环境安全的可持续发展。

关键词: 碳密度, 生物量, 人工林, 植被恢复, 安太堡煤矿

Abstract:

This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the distribution patterns of carbon density and its factors of artificial forest vegetation in opencast coal mines and provide a basis for improving the forest carbon (C) sink service function using available data. It selected Pinus tabulaeformis, Populus microphylla, Populus canadensis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Ulmus pumila, and mixed R. pseudoacacia-U. pumila plantations in the waste dump of the Antaibao mining area as the research objects. The biomass carbon density and spatial distribution pattern of each plantation were measured based on the field investigation data and by employing allometric approaches. The carbon density of the P. canadensis plantation was 36.95 t∙hm^-2, significantly higher than others (P<0.05). The carbon density was markedly higher in the thickly planted P. tabulaeformis forest than in the sparsely planted one (P<0.05). The overall carbon density of each component in the artificial forest was as follows: tree layer>litter layer>herbaceous and shrub layers (P<0.05). The tree layer accounted for 78.3%-93.6% of the vegetation carbon density, indicating it has the highest carbon density in the artificial forest vegetation. The carbon density in the trunk of the tree layer was remarkably greater than that of the roots, branches, and leaves (P<0.05). The carbon density in the trunk of P. canadensis plantation was conspicuously higher than that of R. pseudoacacia and R. pseudoacacia-U. pumila. Similarly, the carbon density was significantly higher in the trunk of the sparsely planted P. tabulaeformis forest than in the densely planted forest. The carbon density of the tree and litter layers demonstrated a remarkable positive correlation with the stand density of artificial forests and negatively with the height and coverage of herbs. Additionally, the carbon density of the tree layer was markedly positively correlated with the tree height (P<0.05). From the perspective of carbon sequestration function, a reasonable and dense planting of P. tabulaeformis and P. canadensis in the Antaibao coal mine waste dump is beneficial for the ecological restoration of the area, thus achieving sustainable development of the ecology and environmental security.

Key words: carbon density, biomass, plantation, vegetation restoration, Antaibao mine

张建华, 周晓阳, 郭旭婷, 杜鑫鑫, 安利, 秦浩, 刘勇, 张红, 徐龙超. 露天煤矿人工林植被碳密度分配格局及其影响因素[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(6): 974-983.

ZHANG Jianhua, ZHOU Xiaoyang, GUO Xuting, DU Xinxin, AN Li, QIN Hao, LIU Yong, ZHANG Hong, XU Longchao. Carbon density distribution pattern and its factors of the artificial forest vegetation in opencast coal mine[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(6): 974-983.

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林型	采样点	纬度(N)	经度(E)	海拔/m	林分密度/(株·hm^-2)	林龄/a	胸径/cm	树高/m
小叶杨林PM	西排	39°29′26.15″	112°18′55.30″	1469.00	2.13×10³	20	10.90	5.50
榆树林UP	西排	39°29′28.64″	112°18′44.41″	1474.00	1.03×10³	20	12.90	5.50
油松林SPT	西排	39°29′29.80″	112°18′46.49″	1471.00	1.47×10³	20	10.70	4.70
刺槐林RP	西排	39°29′33.35″	112°18′44.08″	1474.00	2.03×10³	20	9.80	4.80
刺槐-榆树混交林RP-UP	南排	39°27′41.45″	112°20′04.13″	1391.00	3.40×10³	30	7.20	4.60
油松林DPT	南排	39°27′41.54″	112°20′05.26″	1384.00	3.43×10³	30	8.80	5.60
加拿大杨PC	南排	39°27′59.82″	112°19′39.85″	1348.00	3.23×10³	30	7.20	5.90

树种	器官	回归方程	回归系数（R²）	备注
刺槐RP	根	Y=0.1145 （D²H）^{0.6328 [29]}	-	胸径范围：2.7~20.6 cm 树高范围：2.2~7.0 m
	枝	Y=0.02425（D²H）^{0.7908 [29]}	-
	叶	Y=0.0545（D²H）^{0.4574 [29]}	-
	干	Y=0.05527（D²H）^{0.8576 [29]}	-
油松PT	根	Y=0.340D^0.839e^0.082^D^[29]	0.947	胸径范围：3.4~20.6 cm 树高范围：2.7~9.0 m
	枝	Y=0.483D^0.870e^0.060^D^[29]	0.944
	叶	Y=0.320D^0.810e^0.058^D^[29]	0.959
	干	Y=1.373D^0.465e^0.113^D^[29]	0.978
	总	Y=2.905D^0.549e^0.097^D^[29]	0.971
榆树UP	根	Y=0.0146D^2.893[30]	-	胸径范围：4.7~20.7 cm 树高范围：2.5~9.0 m
	枝	Y=0.0303D^2.3445[30]	-
	叶	Y=0.033D^1.7241[30]	-
	干	Y=0.0146D^2.5837[30]	-
小叶杨PM	根	Y=10.5723+0.0044（D²H）^[31]	0.6691	胸径范围：3.8~18.3 cm 树高范围：3.0~7.5 m
	枝	Y=12.5405+0.0091（D²H）^[31]	0.5595
	叶	Y=6.5542+0.0014（D²H）^[31]	0.1971
	干	Y=0.4644（D²H）^0.6455[31]	0.7517
	总	Y=1.9729（D²H）^0.5608[31]	0.8064
加拿大杨PC	根	Y=10^-0.8268（D²H）^0.5798[32]	-	胸径范围：2.2~10.8 cm 树高范围：2.5~10.0 m
	枝	Y=10^-0.7804（D²H）^0.5321[32]	-
	叶	Y=10^-0.4701（D²H）^0.3778[32]	-
	干	Y=10^-0.7143（D²H）^0.6811[32]	-

组分	项目	SPT	DPT	RP	UP	RP-UP	PM	PC
乔木层	碳密度/(t·hm^-2)	18.24±1.56c	30.08±3.27ab	19.23±1.35c	20.93±1.50bc	21.61±3.19bc	18.09±4.12c	33.84±4.09a
乔木层	比例/%	80.54	93.60	84.40	80.80	83.32	78.34	91.59
灌木层	碳密度/(t·hm^-2)	0.03±0.01b	0.06±0.03b	0.13±0.002a	0.001±0.001b	0.13±0.04a	0.01±0.01b	-
灌木层	比例/%	0.12	0.01	0.06	0.56	0.51	0.15	-
草本层	碳密度/(t·hm^-2)	0.09±0.02de	0.03±0.003e	0.29±0.01a	0.23±0.02ab	0.15±0.02cd	0.18±0.03bc	0.11±0.04cde
草本层	比例/%	0.39	1.04	0.82	1.23	0.57	0.09	0.29
凋落物层	碳密度/(t·hm^-2)	4.29±0.11b	8.22±0.16a	4.14±0.33b	1.20±0.14d	4.05±0.24b	3.15±0.20c	3.00±0.03c
凋落物层	比例/%	18.95	5.36	14.71	17.41	15.60	21.42	8.13
总计	碳密度/(t·hm^-2)	22.65±1.60b	38.39±3.43a	23.80±1.64b	22.36±1.61b	25.94±3.14b	21.43±3.96b	36.95±4.05a
总计	比例/%	100	100	100	100	100	100	100

露天煤矿人工林植被碳密度分配格局及其影响因素

Carbon density distribution pattern and its factors of the artificial forest vegetation in opencast coal mine

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