干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 181-190.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.02.01

• 天气与气候 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆空中水资源和地表水资源变化特征研究

姚俊强1,2,3()   

  1. 1.中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002
    2.中国气象局阿克达拉大气本底野外科学试验基地，新疆 阿克达拉 836499
    3.中国气象局树木年轮理化重点实验室，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-30 修回日期:2023-09-23 出版日期:2024-02-15 发布日期:2024-03-11
  • 作者简介:姚俊强（1987-），博士，研究员，主要从事干旱区气候变化与水循环过程研究. E-mail: yaojq1987@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    第三次新疆综合科学考察项目课题(2022xjkk0101);新疆“天山英才”青年科技拔尖人才专项(2022TSYCCX0005);新疆“天山英才”科技创新团队(2022TSYCTD0007)

Change in atmospheric and surface water resource in Xinjiang

YAO Junqiang1,2,3()   

  1. 1. Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China
    2. Field Scientific Experiment Base of Akdala Atmospheric Background, China Meteorological Administration, Akdala 836499, Xinjiang, China
    3. Key Laboratory of Tree-ring Physical and Chemical Research, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2023-07-30 Revised:2023-09-23 Online:2024-02-15 Published:2024-03-11

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摘要：

大气降水是新疆一切水资源的根本来源，空中水资源是大气降水的物质基础，大气降水在当地形成地表水资源。水资源短缺是制约新疆经济社会高质量发展和生态安全保障的最关键自然因素。本文分析新疆空中水资源和地表水资源的变化特征，对新疆水资源系统规划和高效利用具有重要的科学意义。结果显示：1961—2022年新疆年降水资源量为2717.12×108 m3，水汽输入量为21115×108 m3，水汽净收支量为347.5×108 m3，水汽降水效率为12.5%；2001—2021年新疆平均水资源总量为912.3×108 m3，其中地表水资源量为864.1×108 m3，产水系数为0.32。从变化趋势来看，1961—2022年新疆年降水量明显增加，新疆上空水汽总输入量和总输出量微弱减少，水汽净收支量微弱增加，水汽降水效率明显增加；2001—2021年新疆地表水资源处于丰水阶段，但产水系数有微弱的波动减小趋势。新疆水资源问题依然突出，在不同水资源精细化特征、不同相态水体转化关系等方面研究不足，未来需要加强研究以应对气候变化可能带来的新疆水资源安全风险。

关键词: 空中水资源, 地表水资源, 产水系数, 变化特征, 新疆

Abstract:

The scarcity of water resources is the most critical natural factor impeding high-quality economic and social development and ecological security in Xinjiang. This paper systematically analyzes trends in precipitation, atmospheric water resources, and surface water resources in Xinjiang. It also establishes the conversion relationship between different water resources in Xinjiang. The findings reveal that annual precipitation water resources amount to 2717.12×108 m3, with water vapor input reaching 21115×108 m3, resulting in a net water vapor income of 347.5×108 m3. Between 1961 and 2022, Xinjiang experienced a 12.5% increase in precipitation conversion. The annual total water resources in Xinjiang is 912.3×108 m3, where surface water resources constituted 864.1×108 m3 from 2001 to 2020, resulting in a water yield coefficient of 0.32. The observed trends show a significant increase in annual precipitation in Xinjiang, a slight decrease in total water vapor input, a marginal increase in net water vapor income, and a significant increase in precipitation conversion between 1961 and 2022. Although surface water resources in Xinjiang are abundant, the water yield coefficient exhibited a weak fluctuating decreasing trend from 2001 to 2020. Nevertheless, prominent issues persist in water resources research in Xinjiang, including insufficient studies on precipitation water resource volumes, understanding of cloud water resource characteristics, and continuous monitoring of the physical process of cloud precipitation. To address these challenges, it is imperative to conduct comprehensive scientific field experiments on cloud precipitation physics, including strengthening research on the physical processes of cloud precipitation, refining cloud water resource assessments, and examining precipitation efficiency and water increase effects within typical cloud systems. These studies will aid in developing cloud water resources and air-groundwater resources joint control technology for arid areas.

Key words: atmospheric water resource, surface water resource, water yield coefficient, change, Xinjiang