毛乌素沙地不同林龄杨柴灌木林土壤呼吸及其影响因素

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.07.08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究沙漠化逆转过程中林地土壤呼吸速率和通量变化趋势及其主要影响因子，本文选择毛乌素沙地林龄为9 a、18 a和30 a杨柴人工灌木林和未造林流动沙地（CK），用Li-8100A土壤碳通量监测系统对土壤呼吸速率进行定位观测，并对主要环境影响因子进行了测定。结果表明：（1）土壤呼吸速率和通量均在植物生长季5—10月呈现出先升高后降低的单峰曲线变化规律，最高值出现在7月。（2）土壤呼吸速率和通量随杨柴林龄增长呈持续增加趋势，而呼吸速率温度敏感性（Q₁₀）则呈持续下降趋势。生长季5—10月杨柴林各样地土壤呼吸平均速率大小为：30 a(2.16 μmol·m^-2·s^-1)>18 a(1.98 μmol·m^-2·s^-1)>9 a(1.41 μmol·m^-2·s^-1)>CK(0.24 μmol·m^-2·s^-1)；土壤呼吸碳通量值大小顺序为：30 a(365.74 g C·m^-2)>18 a(313.63 g C·m^-2)>9 a(218.66 g C·m^-2)>CK(40.08 g C·m^-2)。（3） CK、9 a和18 a样地土壤呼吸速率季节性变化主要受土壤温度和水分的耦合作用(P<0.01)，而30 a样地的主控因子为土壤温度(P<0.01)。（4）土壤呼吸碳通量与植被生物量、土壤有机碳和全氮含量均呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。

关键词: 土壤呼吸, 影响因素, 杨柴, 毛乌素沙地

Abstract:

To explore the trend of the change of the soil respiration flux and main influencing factors in the process of desertification reversal, 9 a, 18 a and 30 a ages of Hedysarum laeve shrubbery and no afforestation quicksand land (CK) were selected at Mu Us sandy land in Northern China. Using the Li-8100 carbon flux observation system which produced in the United States, measured soil respiration from May to October. At the same time, the main influencing factors were determined and analyzed. The results showed that: (1) Both soil respiration rate and flux increased first and then decreased in the growth season from May to October, and the highest value appeared in July. (2) The soil respiration rate and flux showed a continuous increasing trend with the age of the Hedysarum laeve shrubbery, the Q₁₀ value shows a continuous downward trend. From May to October in the growing season, the order of average soil respiration rate was: 30 a（2.16 μmol·m^-2·s^-1）>18 a（1.98 μmol·m^-2·s^-1）>9 a（1.41 μmol·m^-2·s^-1）>CK（0.24 μmol·m^-2·s^-1）; the soil respiration carbon flux was 30 a (365.74 g C·m^-2)>18 a (313.63 g C·m^-2)>9 a (218.66 g C·m^-2)>CK (40.08 g C·m^-2). (3) The seasonal variation of soil respiration rate in CK, 9 a and 18 a plots was mainly affected by the coupling effect of soil temperature and water (P<0.01), while the main control factor in 30 a plots was soil temperature (P<0.01). (4) Soil respiration flux was positively correlated with vegetation biomass, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content (P<0.05).

Key words: soil respiration, controlling factors, Hedysarum laeve, Mu Us sandy land

海龙, 周梅, 张嘉開, 洪光宇, 李凤滋, 费菲. 毛乌素沙地不同林龄杨柴灌木林土壤呼吸及其影响因素[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(7): 1107-1116.

HAI Long, ZHOU Mei, ZHANG Jiakai, HONG Guangyu, LI Fengzi, FEI Fei. Research on soil respiration and its influence factors on Hedysarum laeve shrubbery of different ages at Mu Us sandy land[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(7): 1107-1116.

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样地编号	造林年份	地理位置	造林方式	灌木盖度/%	草本盖度/%	优势物种	重要值
CK	-	109°13′54.15″E，38°53′13.54″N	-	-	-	-	-
9 a	2011年	109°14′32.26″E，38°51′36.25″N	植苗	70.0±1.53b	20.0±3.51c	杨柴	0.742
18 a	2002年	109°14′22.78″E，38°51′48.73″N	飞播	96.0±0.55a	25.0±2.95b	杨柴	0.703
30 a	1990年	109°15′34.25″E，39°02′47.41″N	飞播	98.0±0.71a	35.0±3.56a	杨柴	0.748

样地	土层深度/cm	R_s=ae^bT			R_s=a+bW			Q₁₀
样地	土层深度/cm	a	b	R²	a	b	R²	Q₁₀
CK	5	0.088	0.041	0.263^*	0.188	1.722	0.034	1.507
	10	0.124	0.027	0.024	0.194	1.051	0.019	1.310
	20	0.138	0.022	0.011	0.231	-0.101	0.001	1.246
	30	0.158	0.015	0.001	0.254	-0.725	0.009	1.162
9 a	5	0.271	0.057	0.682^**	0.468	30.907	0.353^**	1.768
	10	0.282	0.059	0.694^**	0.113	29.576	0.428^**	1.804
	20	0.291	0.059	0.647^**	1.190	-6.433	0.006	1.804
	30	0.289	0.060	0.617^**	0.947	2.420	0.001	1.822
18 a	5	0.520	0.056	0.401^**	1.046	22.006	0.485^**	1.751
	10	0.480	0.057	0.391^**	0.740	31.758	0.414^**	1.768
	20	0.495	0.058	0.373^**	0.855	27.306	0.448^**	1.786
	30	0.417	0.060	0.359^**	0.868	26.785	0.453^**	1.822
30 a	5	0.777	0.044	0.690^**	1.676	12.721	0.045	1.553
	10	0.789	0.045	0.677^**	2.051	0.170	0.001	1.568
	20	0.821	0.045	0.643^**	1.831	10.118	0.021	1.568
	30	0.781	0.047	0.570^**	1.826	10.257	0.026	1.600

样地	R_s=a+bT+cW				R_s=ae^bTW^c
样地	a	b	c	R²	a	b	c	R²
CK	-0.035	0.010	2.251	0.387^**	0.236	0.043	0.251	0.521^**
9 a	-0.897	0.056	27.002	0.904^**	2.863	0.057	0.637	0.904^**
18 a	0.105	0.047	19.360	0.713^**	2.025	0.035	0.257	0.734^**
30 a	0.366	0.060	15.653	0.510^**	1.939	0.029	0.156	0.539^**

林龄	植物地上生物量/（kg·hm^-2）	枯落物现存量/（g·m^-2）	根系生物量/（g·m^-2）	土壤全氮含量/（g·kg^-1）	土壤有机碳含量/（g·kg^-1）
9 a	1911.1±180.4a	118.0±16.8a	194.3±78.6a	0.12±0.03a	0.63±0.09a
18 a	3226.9±243.9b	222.8±31.4b	526.0±129.1b	0.14±0.03a	1.10±0.23b
30 a	4289.2±165.1c	365.1±101.4c	635.4±171.5b	0.15±0.02b	1.27±0.03c

	调整后的（R²）	截距	显著性（P）	斜率	各变量相对重要性
多元回归模型	0.997	39.14	0.001^***	-	-
植被生物量	-	-	0.001^**	0.04	0.296
有机碳	-	-	0.017^*	15.45	0.186
根系生物量	-	-	0.288	0.01	0.173
全氮	-	-	0.037^*	96.72	0.168
枯落物现存量	-	-	0.174	0.03	0.176