昆仑山冰湖分布时空特征及驱动力

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.07.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究昆仑山冰湖变化特征对区域生态环境和发展至关重要。基于Google Earth Engine（GEE）遥感云平台进行监督分类，研究昆仑山近20 a的冰湖分布面积和数量变化情况，并结合气温、降水和冰川面积进行驱动力分析。结果表明：（1） 2000—2020年昆仑山地区冰湖数量增加39.25%，面积增加81.35%，呈西多东少的分布特征。（2）昆仑山地区面积小于0.1 km²的冰湖对气候变化更敏感，增长速度最快；昆仑山冰湖主要集中在海拔4600~5600 m，冰湖数量和面积分别占总量的71.58%和70.51%。（3） 2000—2020年昆仑山地区气温降低3.45%，降水减少6.27%，冰川面积减少了21.15%，冰川融化产生的冰川融水是冰湖增长的主要原因。研究结果可为干旱区水资源的保护和利用、灾害预警等方面提供科学支撑。

关键词: 遥感, 昆仑山冰湖, GEE, 气候变化, 驱动力分析

Abstract:

Investigating the variable features of Kunlun glacier lakes is crucial for the development of the local ecological environment. The area and number of glacial lakes in the Kunlun Mountains have changed over the past 20 years, and this paper used supervised classification based on the Google Earth Engine remote sensing cloud platform to study the changes. It also examined the driving factors of temperature, precipitation, and glacier area. The findings indicate: (1) There were 39.25% more glacial lakes in the Kunlun Mountains in 2020 than there were in 2000, and the area expanded by 81.35%, with a distribution pattern of more lakes in the west and fewer lakes in the east. (2) The Kunlun Mountain glacial lakes are primarily found at an altitude of 4600-5600 m, and the number and area of glacial lakes account for 71.58% and 70.51% of the total, respectively. These glacial lakes have a smaller area than 0.1 km² and are more sensitive to climate change. (3) The temperature and precipitation in the Kunlun Mountains declined by 3.45%, 6.27%, and 21.15% from 2000 to 2020, respectively, as did the glacier area. The primary cause of the expansion of glacial lakes is the meltwater produced by glacier melting. The study’s findings may provide empirical justification for the preservation and use of water resources as well as for catastrophe warnings in dry regions.

Key words: remote sensing, glacial lake of Kunlun Mountains, GEE, climate change, driving force analysis

孟乘枫, 仲涛, 郑江华, 王南, 刘泽轩, 任祥源. 昆仑山冰湖分布时空特征及驱动力[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(7): 1094-1106.

MENG Chengfeng, ZHONG Tao, ZHENG Jianghua, WANG Nan, LIU Zexuan, REN Xiangyuan. Analysis of temporal and spatial characteristics and driving forces of Kunlun glacial lakes[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(7): 1094-1106.

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		气温与冰湖数量	气温与冰湖面积	降水与冰湖数量	降水与冰湖面积	冰川面积与冰湖数量	冰川面积与冰湖面积
总冰湖		0.095	0.052	-0.085	-0.048	-0.573^**	-0.702^**
不同区域冰湖	东昆仑山	0.178	0.079	-0.264	-0.021	0.031	-0.594^**
不同区域冰湖	西昆仑山	0.054	0.046	-0.013	-0.054	-0.687^**	-0.721^**
不同规模冰湖	<0.1 km²	0.114	0.001	-0.090	-0.021	-0.612^**	-0.729^**
	0.1~0.2 km²	-0.166	0.044	0.016	0.012	-0.401^*	-0.556^**
	>0.2 km²	0.057	0.073	0.005	-0.070	-0.467^*	-0.673^**
不同海拔冰湖	3.2~3.4 km	0.115	0.039	-0.104	-0.137	-0.609^**	-0.697^**
	3.4~3.6 km	0.107	0.036	-0.113	-0.039	-0.613^**	-0.708^**
	3.6~3.8 km	0.073	0.051	-0.072	-0.048	-0.491^*	-0.702^**
	3.8~4.0 km	0.196	0.001	-0.039	0.001	-0.509^*	-0.712^**
	4.0~4.2 km	0.124	0.050	-0.135	-0.050	-0.603^**	-0.703^**
	4.2~4.4 km	0.084	0.052	-0.076	-0.049	-0.579^**	-0.702^**
	4.4~4.6 km	0.082	0.051	-0.098	-0.049	-0.575^**	-0.702^**
	4.6~4.8 km	0.100	0.051	-0.088	-0.048	-0.562^**	-0.702^**
	4.8~5.0 km	0.090	0.051	-0.085	-0.049	-0.573^**	-0.703^**
	5.0~5.2 km	0.097	0.051	-0.079	-0.048	-0.572^**	-0.702^**
	5.2~5.4 km	0.098	0.051	-0.086	-0.048	-0.566^**	-0.702^**
	5.4~5.6 km	0.100	0.052	-0.078	-0.047	-0.584^**	-0.702^**
	5.6~5.8 km	0.065	0.055	-0.062	-0.052	-0.549^**	-0.701^**
	5.8~6.0 km	-0.003	0.039	0.080	-0.069	-0.447^*	-0.683^**