民勤温性荒漠草原拟步甲昆虫多样性调查

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.05.16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确民勤温性荒漠草原拟步甲昆虫群落多样性及其时间动态，于2021年4—10月采用巴氏罐诱法对甘肃省民勤县砾质、沙质与盐土荒漠草地拟步甲科昆虫群落进行系统调查。（1）本次调查共捕获拟步甲科昆虫8492头，分属于8属10种，其中姬小胸鳖甲（Microdera elegans）和多毛宽漠甲（Sternoplax setosa setosa）为优势种，分别占总个体数的26.88%和25.07%，波氏真土甲（Eumylada potanini）为砾质荒漠草地的特有种。（2） 3个亚类荒漠草地拟步甲昆虫物种数和个体数在7月达到峰值，10月降到最低。（3）砾质荒漠草地和沙质荒漠草地的拟步甲群落多度和香农多样性指数显著高于盐土荒漠草地（P<0.05）；盐土荒漠草地的拟步甲群落丰富度显著高于沙质荒漠草地（P<0.05）。（4）相关性分析表明，拟步甲群落的丰度指数与植被群落高度、土壤含水量和植被盖度呈显著负相关（P<0.05）；拟步甲丰度指数与植被香农多样性指数和植被丰富度呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。荒漠草原的植被组成单一，促使拟步甲群落组成简单；相对于盐土荒漠草地和沙质荒漠草地，砾质荒漠草地中植被香农多样性指数和植被丰富度较高，砾质荒漠草地中拟步甲物种也最丰富。

关键词: 荒漠草原, 拟步甲, 种类, 多样性, 时间动态

Abstract:

To clarify the diversity and temporal dynamics of darkling beetles in Minqin temperate desert grassland, this study systematically investigated the communities of different subtypes of darkling beetles in gravelly, sandy, and saline desert grasslands in Minqin County, Gansu Province, from April to October 2021 using the pitfall trapping method. In this survey, 8492 individuals of 10 species in 8 genera were captured. The dominant species in the desert steppe in general were Microdera elegans and Sternoplax setosa setosa, which accounted for 26.57% and 25.07%, respectively, of the total individuals, whereas Eumylada potanini was an endemic species in gravelly desert grassland. The number of darkling beetles of their respective species in the three subtypes of desert grasslands peaked in July and dropped to the lowest level in October. The community abundance and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the darkling beetles were significantly higher than those in saline desert grassland (P<0.05), and the community richness of darkling beetles was significantly higher than that of sandy desert grassland (P<0.05). The diversity of the darkling beetles was closely correlated with environmental factors: The community abundance index was significantly negatively correlated with the height of the vegetation community, soil water content, and vegetation cover (P<0.05). The abundance index of the darkling beetles was significantly positively correlated with the plant Shannon-Wiener diversity index and plant richness (P<0.05). The vegetation composition of the desert grassland is simple; therefore, the community composition of the darkling beetles is also simple. The plant diversity index and plant richness are higher in gravelly desert grasslands than in saline desert grasslands and sandy desert grasslands, so the darkling beetles are the most abundant in gravelly desert grasslands.

Key words: desert grasslands, darkling beetles, species, diversity, time dynamics

他富源, 张弘扬, 勾文山, 马维新, 胡桂馨. 民勤温性荒漠草原拟步甲昆虫多样性调查[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(5): 840-848.

TA Fuyuan, ZHANG Hongyang, GOU Wenshan, MA Weixin, HU Guixin. Survey of species diversity of darkling beetles in the Minqin temperate desert steppe[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(5): 840-848.

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种类	砾质荒漠草地		沙质荒漠草地		盐土荒漠草地		总计
种类	数量/头	占比/%	数量/头	占比/%	数量/头	占比/%	数量/头	占比/%
姬小胸鳖甲（Microdera elegans）	1037	29.77	788	22.19	457	31.36	2282	26.88
多毛宽漠甲（Sternoplax setosa setosa）	820	23.54	954	26.86	355	24.37	2129	25.07
中华砚甲（Cyphogenia chinensis）	363	10.42	723	20.35	195	13.38	1281	15.08
宽腹东鳖甲（Anatolica gravidula）	536	15.39	594	16.72	187	12.83	1317	15.51
泥脊漠甲（Pterocoma vittata）	337	9.68	168	4.73	47	3.23	552	6.50
扁胸漠甲（Sternoplax impressicollis）	184	5.28	152	4.28	98	6.73	434	5.11
戈壁琵甲（Blaps gobiensis）	104	2.99	161	4.53	111	7.62	376	4.43
维氏漠王（Platyoope victori）	73	2.10	10	0.28	3	0.21	86	1.01
波氏真土甲（Eumylada potanini）	22	0.63	-	-	-	-	22	0.26
波氏东鳖甲（Anatolica potanini）	7	0.20	2	0.06	4	0.27	13	0.15
总计	3483	100.00	3552	100.00	1457	100.00	8492	100.00

样地	植被香农多样性指数	植被丰富度	植被群落高度/cm	植被盖度/%	土壤含水量/%
沙质荒漠草地	0.85±0.03b	2.33±0.33b	42.31±6.27a	28.2±1.01b	6.18±0.01b
砾质荒漠草地	1.13±0.13a	4.33±0.33a	17.87±1.26b	23.19±0.99c	3.32±0.01b
盐土荒漠草地	0.39±0.05c	1.33±0.33b	47.33±3.9a	32.9±1.09a	11.94±0.02a