面向生态系统服务供需的开都-孔雀河流域生态安全格局研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.05.15

干旱区研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 829-839.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2023.05.15 cstr: 32277.14.j.azr.2023.05.15

面向生态系统服务供需的开都-孔雀河流域生态安全格局研究

闫豫疆¹(),李建贵²(),李均力³,蒋腾⁴

1.新疆农业大学经济管理学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
3.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
4.新疆林业科学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830018

收稿日期:2023-01-27 修回日期:2023-02-14 出版日期:2023-05-15 发布日期:2023-05-30
作者简介:闫豫疆（1986-），男，博士研究生，主要从事区域生态与环境管理研究. E-mail: 330730542@qq.com
基金资助:
中国科学院创新交叉团队(JCTD-2019-20);国家自然科学基金(U203201);国家自然科学基金(41671034);第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjk-k1400)

Construction of ecological security patterns in the Kaidu-Kongque River Basin based on the supply and demand of ecosystem services

YAN Yujiang¹(),LI Jiangui²(),LI Junli³,Jiang Teng⁴

1. College of Economics and Management, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
2. College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
4. Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences, Urumqi 830018, Xinjiang, China

Received:2023-01-27 Revised:2023-02-14 Published:2023-05-15 Online:2023-05-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

构建干旱区生态安全格局有利于促进区域生态系统服务供应与需求之间的动态平衡。以干旱区开都-孔雀河流域为研究区，利用InVEST模型、RWEQ模型和Getis-Ord Gi^*模型分析生态供给源地，以土地利用程度、地均GDP、人口密度和夜间灯光指数分析生态需求源地，并基于最小累积阻力模型确定供给源地与需求源地之间的生态廊道，从而构建研究区生态安全格局。研究结果表明：（1）开都-孔雀河流域生态供给源地14个，占研究区面积的21.46%，重点生态需求源地共9个斑块，占流域总面积4.63%；生态廊道126条，重要廊道17条，总长度654.68 km；生态节点65个，重点生态节点24个。（2）开都-孔雀河流域生态系统服务供给与需求空间错位明显，高供给区域与高需求区域呈现出以城镇边界为分界线的明显特征。（3）结合研究区自然地理特征和景观生态系统服务流动性，运用阻力面模型，构建“两核心、两片区、三横四纵多节点”的开都-孔雀河流域生态安全格局可为保障区域生态系统服务功能和可持续发展政策的制定提供科学参考。

关键词: 生态系统服务供给与需求, 生态廊道, 生态安全网络, 开都-孔雀河流域

Abstract:

The construction of an ecological security pattern in arid zones is conducive to promoting a dynamic balance between the supply and demand of regional ecosystem services. This study involves the Kaidu-Kongque River Basin in an arid zone and uses the InVEST model, the RWEQ model, and the Getis-Ord Gi^* model to analyze the ecological supply sources, degree of land use, GDP per km², population density, and the nighttime light index. This approach was used to analyze the ecological demand sources and determine the ecological corridors between supply and demand sources based on the minimum cumulative resistance model so as to construct an ecological security pattern of the study area. The results of the study are as follows: (1) There are 14 ecological supply source areas in the Kaidu-Kongque River Basin, accounting for 21.46% of the study area, and a total of 9 patches of key ecological demand source areas, accounting for 4.63% of the total area of the basin; 126 ecological corridors, including a total of 17 important corridors with a total length of 654.68 km; 65 ecological nodes, including 24 key ecological nodes. (2) The spatial mismatch between supply and demand of ecosystem services in Kaidu-Kongque River Basin is obvious, and the high supply area and high demand area show obvious characteristics with urban boundary as the dividing line. (3) Combining the natural geographic characteristics and the mobility of landscape ecosystem services in the study area, the resistance surface model is used to construct “two cores, two zones, three horizons, four verticals, and multiple nodes” of the Kaidu-Kongque River Basin. In conclusion, the ecological security pattern of the Kaidu-Kongque River Basin can provide a scientific reference for protecting regional ecosystem service functions and formulating sustainable development policies.

Key words: ecosystem service supply and demand, ecological corridor, ecological safety network, Kaidu-Kongque River Basin

闫豫疆, 李建贵, 李均力, 蒋腾. 面向生态系统服务供需的开都-孔雀河流域生态安全格局研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(5): 829-839.

YAN Yujiang, LI Jiangui, LI Junli, Jiang Teng. Construction of ecological security patterns in the Kaidu-Kongque River Basin based on the supply and demand of ecosystem services[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(5): 829-839.

图/表 9

图1

表1

生态系统服务供给量计算方法"

生态系统服务	计算公式	变量解释
食物供给	$G i = G s u m × N D V I i N D V I s u m$	$G i$ 为i栅格分配的粮食、肉类、水果和水产品的产量（t）； $G s u m$ 分别为研究区粮食总产量、肉类、水果和水产品总产量（t）； $N D V I i$ 为i栅格的归一化植被指数； $N D V I s u m$ 为研究区NDVI值之和
碳固持	$C t o t = C a b o v e + C b e l o w + C s o i l + C d e a d$	$C t o t$ 为总碳储量； $C a b o v e$ 为地上碳储量； $C b e l o w$ 为地下碳储量； $C s o i l$ 为土壤碳储量； $C d e a d$ 为死亡有机物碳储量。单位均为t·hm^-2
生境质量	$D x j = ∑ 1 r ∑ 1 y w r ∑ r = 1 n w r r y i r x y β x S j r$ $Q x j = H x j 1 - D x j 2 D x j 2 + k 2$	$D x j$ 为生境退化度，取值为0~1，其值越大代表生境退化程度越高；r为威胁因子；y为威胁因子r对应的栅格数量；w_r为威胁因子的权重；r_y为威胁因子的胁迫值； $β x$ 为生境受保护水平； $S j r$ 为生境j对威胁因子r的敏感性；i_rxy为栅格y中的威胁因子r对栅格x的影响；Q_xj为生境质量；H_xj为生境适宜度；D_xj为生境退化度；k为半饱和参数，通常取生境退化度最大值的一半
防风固沙	$S R = S L p - S L$ $S L p = 2 Z S p 2 × Q p m a x × e - z / S p 2$ $Q p m a x = 109.8 × (W F × E F × S C F × K')$ $S p = 150.71 × (W F × E F × S C F × K' ） - 0.3711$ $S L = 2 Z s p 2 × Q r m a x × e - z / S r 2$ $Q r m a x = 109.8 × (W F × E F × S C F × K' × C)$ $S r = 150.71 × (W F × E F × S C F × K' × C ） - 0.3711$	$S R$ 为固沙量（kg·m^-2）； $S L p$ 为潜在风蚀量（kg·m^-2）； $S L$ 为实际风力侵蚀量（kg·m^-2）； $Q p m a x$ 为潜在风力的最大输沙能力（kg·m^-1）； $S p$ 为潜在关键地块长度（m）； $z$ 表示所计算下风向距离（m），本次计算取50 m； $W F$ 为气候因子；EF为土壤可蚀性百分比（%）； $S C F$ 为土壤结皮因子（无量纲）； $K'$ 为土壤糙度因子（无量纲）； $Q r m a x$ 为实际风力的最大输沙能力（kg·m^-1）；S_r为实际关键地块长度（m）；C为植被因子（无量纲）

表1

表2

图2

图3

图4

表3

图5

图6

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阻力面分量	权重	阻力值
阻力面分量	权重	10	30	50	70	100
景观类型	0.30	水域、湿地、林地	草地	耕地	未利用地	建设用地
高程/m	0.15	600~1200	1200~2000	2000~2800	2800~3400	3400~4900
坡度/（°）	0.25	0~6	6~12	12~22	22~33	33~80
地均GDP/（元·km^-2）	0.30	0~727	727~2373	2373~4632	4632~6852	6852~9761

供给源点	需求源点
供给源点	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1	0.9	0.3	0.5	0.1	0.1	1.0	3.3	0.3	0.8
2	3.1	2.2	2.1	2.4	15.8	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2
3	0.5	0.2	1.2	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
4	2.0	0.4	0.6	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1
5	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
6	2.4	4.2	9.6	0.4	0.5	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1
7	4.6	18.1	2.1	0.6	0.6	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1
8	1.6	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.1
9	0.8	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1
10	1.5	1.3	6.0	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1
11	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
12	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
13	0.9	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
14	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

面向生态系统服务供需的开都-孔雀河流域生态安全格局研究

Construction of ecological security patterns in the Kaidu-Kongque River Basin based on the supply and demand of ecosystem services

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