塔里木河中游不同林龄胡杨活立木空心树特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.02.09

干旱区研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 247-256.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2023.02.09 cstr: 32277.14.j.azr.2023.02.09

塔里木河中游不同林龄胡杨活立木空心树特征

程谦^1,²(),塔依尔江·艾山^1,²(),玉米提·哈力克^1,²,王新英^3,⁴

1.新疆大学生态与环境学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830046
2.绿洲生态教育部重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830046
3.新疆林业科学院造林治沙研究所，新疆乌鲁木齐 830046
4.新疆塔里木河胡杨林生态系统国家定位观测研究站，新疆乌鲁木齐 830046

收稿日期:2022-07-25 修回日期:2022-09-26 出版日期:2023-02-15 发布日期:2023-03-08
通讯作者: 塔依尔江·艾山. E-mail:tayirjan@xju.edu.cn
作者简介:程谦（1992-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事植物生态学方面的研究. E-mail: chengqian20190316@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32160367);国家自然科学基金项目(31700386)

Hollow tree characteristics of different aged Populus euphratica forests in the middle reaches of the Tarim River

CHENG Qian^1,²(),Tayierjiang AISHAN^1,²(),Umut HALIK^1,²,WANG Xinying^3,⁴

1. College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China
2. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China
3. Institute of Afforestation and Desertification Control, Xinjiang Academy of Forestry, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China
4. Xinjiang Tarim Poplus euphratica Riparian Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China

Received:2022-07-25 Revised:2022-09-26 Published:2023-02-15 Online:2023-03-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

胡杨作为干旱区生态环境变化的指示物种，对于维持区域脆弱生态系统稳定性起着不可替代的作用。本文以塔里木河中游胡杨林生态系统定位观测研究站样地中不同林龄胡杨活立木为研究对象，探讨不同林龄胡杨活立木空心率、空心与未空心构型差异及其活立木空心树构型性状的变化规律。结果表明：研究区胡杨活立木空心率为16.96%，约78株·hm^-2，空心率随林龄的增加而递增，其中成熟木空心发生率是未成熟木的4.3倍。胡杨活立木空心程度与胸径、树高、冠幅、溃疡面积呈显著正相关（P<0.05），与高径比呈显著负相关，与疏失度和冠长率相关性不显著，空心现象并未造成长势上的明显劣势。随林龄增加，胡杨活立木空心树构型性状表现出资源保守型的适应特征，其空心化很可能是胡杨对极端干旱环境的适应策略。

关键词: 塔里木河, 不同林龄, 胡杨, 空心树, 构型

Abstract:

Populus euphratica Oliv. is an indicator species of eco-environmental changes in arid areas and it plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining the stability of a regional fragile ecosystem. At present, relevant research on the hollow tree of P. euphratica is still lacking. In this paper, we investigated the hollow ratio, architecture trait differences in living trees with hollow and without hollow, and its variation among the different aged forests in the Tarim River National Positioning Observation Station of P. euphratica Forest Ecosystem. The results showed that the hollow ratio of P. euphratica living standing trees in the study area was 17% (about 78 trees·hm^-2) and the hollow rate increased with the increasing forest age. The hollow rate was related to maturity as the hollow occurrence rate of mature trees was 4.3 times higher than that of immature trees. The degree of hollowing of living trees was significantly positively correlated with the diameter at breast height, tree height, crown width, and ulcer area (P < 0.05), while it negatively correlated with height-to-diameter ratio. No significant correlation of the degree of hollowing was observed with the crown loss and crown length. The hollow phenomenon did not cause an obvious disadvantage in tree growth. The architectural traits of the living standing trees of P. euphratica showed resource-conserving adaptation characteristics with the increase in standing age. and their hollowing was likely to be the adaptation strategy of P. euphratica to the extremely arid environment.

Key words: Tarim River, different stand ages, Populus euphratica, hollow tree, architecture traits

程谦, 塔依尔江·艾山, 玉米提·哈力克, 王新英. 塔里木河中游不同林龄胡杨活立木空心树特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(2): 247-256.

CHENG Qian, Tayierjiang AISHAN, Umut HALIK, WANG Xinying. Hollow tree characteristics of different aged Populus euphratica forests in the middle reaches of the Tarim River[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(2): 247-256.

图/表 6

图1

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

参考文献 32

[1]	樊大勇, 谢宗强. 木质部导管空穴化研究中的几个热点问题[J]. 植物生态学报, 2004, 28(1): 126-132. doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2004.0018
	[Fan Dayong, Xie Zongqiang. Several controversial viewpoints in studying the cavitation of xylem vessels[J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2004, 28(1): 126-132.] doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2004.0018
[2]	Whitford K R. Hollows in jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) and marri (Corymbia calophylla) trees: Hollow sizes, tree attributes and ages[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2002, 160: 201-214. doi: 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00446-7
[3]	Harper M J, Mccarthy M A, Ree R V D. The abundance of hollow-bearing trees in urban dry sclerophy11 forest and the effect of wind on hollow development[J]. Biological Conservation, 2005, 122: 181-192. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2004.07.003
[4]	Yukako M, Yoshiyuli K, Auldry C, et al. Association of growth and hollow stem development in Shorea albida trees in a tropical peat swamp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia[J]. Trees, 2018, 32: 1357-1364. doi: 10.1007/s00468-018-1717-9
[5]	Micó E, García, Sánchez A, et al. What can physical biotic and chemical features of a tree hollow tell us about their associated diversity?[J]. Insect Conservation, 2015, 19: 141-153.
[6]	Wormington K R, Lamb D, Mccallum H I, et al. The characteristics of six species of living hollow-bearing trees and their importance for arboreal marsupials in the dry sclerophy11 forests of southeast Queensland, Australia[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2003, 182: 75-92. doi: 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00010-0
[7]	Zheng Z, Zhang S, Carol B, et al. Hollows in living trees develop slowly but considerably influence the estimate of forest biomass[J]. Functional Ecology, 2016, 30: 830-838. doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.12566
[8]	热依拉·木民, 塔依尔江·艾山, 玉米提·哈力克. 塔里木河下游胡杨空心特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(6): 1933-1940. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202006.009
	[Reyila Mumin, Tayierjiang Aishan, Umut Halik. Hollow-bearing characteristics of Populus euphratica in the lower reaches of Tarim River, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(6): 1933-1940.] doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202006.009
[9]	郝兴明, 赵万羽, 陈忠升. 额济纳胡杨种群年龄结构与树干空心分布特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2011, 34(5): 794-799.
	[Hao Xingming, Zhao Wanyu, Chen Zhongsheng. Population age structure and cavity distribution characters of Populus euphratica in Ejina[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2011, 34(5): 794-799.]
[10]	周洪华, 朱成刚, 方功焕. 塔里木河上游荒漠河岸胡杨林树洞型空心树发生过程与形成机制[J]. 生态学报, 2021, 41(14): 5695-5702.
	[Zhou Honghua, Zhu Chenggang, Fang Gonghuan. Characteristics of hollow-bearing tree in Populus euphratica forest in the upper reaches of Tarim River[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2021, 41(14): 5695-5702.]
[11]	吴俊侠, 张希明, 李利, 等. 塔里木河干流中游胡杨种群特征与动态分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2010, 27(2): 242-248. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1148.2010.00242
	[Wu Junxia, Zhang Ximing, Li Li, et al. Characteristic and dynamic analysis of Populus euphratica populations at the middle reaches of the Tarim River[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2010, 27(2): 242-248.] doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1148.2010.00242
[12]	王子康, 焦阿永, 凌红波, 等. 不同灌溉模式下胡杨断根处理根蘖繁殖特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(4): 1133-1142.
	[Wang Zikang, Jiao Ayong, Ling Hongbo, et al. Characteristics of Populus euphratica root under various irrigation modes[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(4): 1133-1142.]
[13]	王新英, 史军辉, 刘茂秀, 等. 洪水漫溢对塔里木河中游天然胡杨林叶渗透调节物质及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020, 37(6): 1544-1551.
	[Wang Xinying, Shi Junhui, Liu Maoxiu, et al. Effects of flood overtopping on leaf osmotic adjustment substances and antioxidant enzyme activities of natural Populus euphratica forest in the middle reaches of the Tarim River[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020, 37(6): 1544-1551.]
[14]	赵春彦, 秦洁, 贺晓慧, 等. 荒漠河岸林胡杨对盐胁迫的适应机制[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2022, 36(7): 166-172.
	[Zhao Chunyan, Qin Jie, He Xiaohui, et al. Mechanisms underlying adaption of Populus euphratica to salt stress in desert riparian forests[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2022, 36(7): 166-172.]
[15]	齐容镰, 莎仁图雅, 李钢铁, 等. 干旱胁迫对小胡杨2号幼苗光合及生理特征的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020, 37(6): 1552-1561.
	[Qi Ronglian, Sha Rentuya, Li Gangtie, et al. Effects of drought stress on photosynthesis and physiological characteristics of Populus simonii×P. euphratica‘Xiaohuyang 2’[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020, 37(6): 1552-1561.]
[16]	郑亚琼, 张肖, 梁继业, 等. 濒危物种胡杨和灰叶胡杨的克隆生长特征[J]. 生态学报, 2016, 36(5): 1331-1341.
	[Zheng Yaqiong, Zhang Xiao, Liang Jiye, et al. Clonal growth characteristics of the endangered species Populus euphratica Oliv. and Populus pruinosa schrenk[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(5): 1331-1341.]
[17]	Poorter L, Bongers L, Bongers F. Architecture of 54 moist-forest tree species: Traits, trade-offs, and functional groups[J]. Ecology, 2006, 87: 1289-1301. doi: 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1289:aomtst]2.0.co;2 pmid: 16761607
[18]	王世绩, 陈炳浩, 李护群. 胡杨林[M]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 1995: 57-59.
	[Wang Shiji, Chen Binghao, Li Huqun. Populus euphratica Forest[M]. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 1995: 57-59.]
[19]	史军辉, 王新英, 刘茂秀, 等. 不同林龄胡杨林叶片与土壤的化学计量特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2017, 34(4): 815-822.
	[Shi Junhui, Wang Xinying, Liu Maoxiu, et al. Stoichiometric characteristics of leaves of Populus euphratica with different stand ages and soil[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2017, 34(4): 815-822.]
[20]	贺伟. 森林病理学[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 2017: 278-282.
	[He Wei. Forest Pathology[M]. Beijing: China Forestry Press, 2017: 278-282.]
[21]	杨廉雁. 哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林树木功能特征与空心树形成的关系研究[D]. 北京: 中国科学院研究生院, 2010.
	[Yang Lianyan. Study on the Relationship between Tree Functional Traits and Formation of Hollow-Bearing Tree in Middle Mountain Moist Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest of Ailao Mountains[D]. Beijing: Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2010.]
[22]	王玉婷, 徐华东, 王立海, 等. 小兴安岭天然林红松活立木腐朽率的调查研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2015, 37(8): 97-104.
	[Wang Yuting, Xu Huadong, Wang Lihai, et al. Field investigation of decay rate of Korean pine standing trees in natural forests in Lesser Xing’an Mountains[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2015, 37(8): 97-104.]
[23]	Aishan T, Halik U, Kurban A, et al. Eco-morphological response of floodplain forests (Populus euphratica Oliv.) to water diversion in the lower Tarim River, northwest China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2015, 73(2): 533-545. doi: 10.1007/s12665-013-3033-4
[24]	林家煌, 黄铁成, 来风兵, 等. 塔里木河中游胡杨高径系数及其对生境的指示意义[J]. 生态学报, 2017, 37(10): 3355-3364.
	[Lin Jiahuang, Huang Tiecheng, Lai Fengbing, et al. The height-diameter coefficient of Populus euphratica and its indicative significance to the habitat in the middle reaches of the Tarim River[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(10): 3355-3364.]
[25]	Javier Q, Eatefanı´a M, Aan P M, et al. Influence of tree hollow characteristics on the diversity of saproxylic insect guilds in Iberian Mediterranean woodlands[J]. Journal of Insect Conservation, 2014, 18: 981-992. doi: 10.1007/s10841-014-9705-x
[26]	Shinichi T, Takayuki O, Wakana A, et al. Tree hollows can affect epiphyte species composition[J]. Ecological Research, 2017, 32: 503-509. doi: 10.1007/s11284-017-1468-x
[27]	Pratt R B, Jacobsen A L. Conflicting demands on angiosperm xylem: tradeoffs among storage, transport and biomechanics[J]. Plant, Cell & Environment, 2017, 40: 897-913.
[28]	王烁, 董利虎, 李凤日. 人工长白落叶松枝条存活模型[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2018, 40(1): 57-66.
	[Wang Shuo, Dong Lihu, Li Fengri. Branch survival models of planted Larix olgensis tree[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2018, 40(1): 57-66.]
[29]	陈静, 赵成章, 王继伟, 等. 不同密度旱柳的树冠构型与光截获[J]. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(6): 661-669. doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0257
	[Chen Jing, Zhao Chengzhang, Wang Jiwei, et al. Canopy structure and radiation interception of Salix matsudana: Stand density dependent relationships[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2017, 41(6): 661-669.] doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0257
[30]	陈亚宁, 李卫红, 陈亚鹏, 等. 荒漠河岸林建群植物的水分利用过程分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2018, 35(1): 130-136.
	[Chen Yaning, Li Weihong, Chen Yapeng, et al. Water use process of constructive plants in desert riparian forest[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2018, 35(1): 130-136.]
[31]	罗丹丹, 王传宽, 金鹰. 木本植物水力系统对干旱胁迫的响应机制[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(9): 925-941. doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0111
	[Luo Dandan, Wang Chuankuan, Jin Ying. Response mechanisms of hydraulic systems of woody plants to drought stress[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(9): 925-941.] doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0111
[32]	朱成刚, 李卫红, 马建新, 等. 极端干旱生境下胡杨克隆水分整合特征及其生态意义[J]. 植物科学学报, 2017, 35(3): 344-353.
	[Zhu Chenggang, Li Weihong, Ma Jianxin, et al. Clonal water integration characteristics and ecological significance of Populus euphratica Oliv. in hyper-arid habitats[J]. Plant Science Journal, 2017, 35(3): 344-353.]

林分特征		龄组
林分特征		中龄林	近熟林	成熟林	过熟林	总计
调查株数	总数	79	64	45	42	230
	空心树	5	5	7	22	39
	溃疡树	37	35	34	38	144
	占比/%	6.33	7.84	15.56	52.38	16.96
	溃疡占比/%	46.83	54.69	75.56	90.48	62.61
胸径/cm	M±SD	15.63±6.59c	22.19±10.56b	32.91±9.26a	36.83±23.49a	26.89±12.48
胸径/cm	最大值	39	44	58	99	99
树高/m	M±SD	8.22±2.63b	8.95±2.94b	11.50±2.88b	9.06±2.79a	26.89±2.81
树高/m	最大值	13	18	19	17.5	19
冠幅/m	M±SD	2.20±0.84c	3.36±1.81b	5.17±2.14a	4.75±1.74a	3.87±1.63
冠幅/m	最大值	5.75	10.50	11.70	9.45	11.70
林分密度/（株·hm^-2）		712±14	382±18	152±15	48±5	339.25±13

塔里木河中游不同林龄胡杨活立木空心树特征

Hollow tree characteristics of different aged Populus euphratica forests in the middle reaches of the Tarim River

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 6

参考文献 32

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	杨荣钦, 肖玉磊, 池苗苗, 穆振侠. 近20 a塔里木河流域人类活动及景观生态风险时空变化[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(6): 1010-1020.
[2]	程晓瑜, 吕洁华. 塔里木河流域碳储量的气候影响机制及地形分异下的归因[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(5): 865-875.
[3]	张音, 孙从建, 刘庚, 钞锦龙, 耿甜伟. 近20 a塔里木河流域山区NDSI对气候变化的响应[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(10): 1639-1648.
[4]	马继龙, 史军辉, 王新英, 阿丽亚·拜都热拉, 刘茂秀, 艾吉尔·阿不拉. 洪水漫溢对塔里木河中游河岸胡杨林土壤有机碳及活性组分的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(8): 1248-1257.
[5]	杜慧娟, 王光耀, 冉光妍, 吕密. 面向SDGs的塔里木河流域农业灰水足迹分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(7): 1184-1193.
[6]	马俊梅, 马剑平, 满多清, 郭春秀, 张裕年, 赵鹏, 王飞, 李元星. 河西走廊天然胡杨林的分布和更新特征及其与土壤因子的关系[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(2): 224-234.
[7]	王子康,焦阿永,凌红波,单钱娟,张广朋,王文琦. 不同灌溉模式下胡杨断根处理根蘖繁殖特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(4): 1133-1142.
[8]	刘哲杰,白涛,高凡,杨鹏年,王光焰. 面向生态系统多对象保护与修复的水库优化调度[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(2): 410-418.
[9]	周龙,杨鹏年,王永鹏,艾力西尔·库尔班,王光焰. 塔里木河下游河段耗水特征与输水方式演变研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(1): 144-154.
[10]	杨雪峰,叶茂,木尼热·买买提. 基于WorldView-2高分影像的胡杨林结构参数获取研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(6): 1659-1667.
[11]	孔子洁,邓铭江,凌红波,王光焰,徐生武,王增如. 塔里木河下游河道断流区生态安全评估与生态恢复对策[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(4): 1128-1139.
[12]	吝静,赵成义,马晓飞,施枫芝,吴世新,朱建. 基于生态系统服务价值的塔里木河干流土地利用结构优化[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(4): 1140-1151.
[13]	郭靖,王光焰,徐生武,张广朋,苑塏烨,凌红波,夏依旦·吾买尔江. 水资源管理增强下的塔里木河上中游碳储量动态评估[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(3): 589-599.
[14]	文军,赵成章,李群,赵连春. 黑河中游湿地胡杨蒸腾速率与叶性状的关联性分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(2): 429-437.
[15]	李梦怡,邓铭江,凌红波,王光焰,徐生武. 塔里木河下游水生态安全评价及驱动要素分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(1): 39-47.