有机培肥措施对马铃薯耗水特性及水分利用的影响——以内蒙古阴山北麓旱作区为例

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.08.16

干旱区研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (8): 1536-1548.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.08.16 cstr: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.08.16

• 农业生态 • 上一篇

有机培肥措施对马铃薯耗水特性及水分利用的影响——以内蒙古阴山北麓旱作区为例

张乐¹^,²(), 韩云飞¹^,³^,⁴, 李保成¹^,³^,⁴, 杜二小¹^,³, 张鹏¹^,³, 白梓辰¹, 王艳莉⁵, 赵沛义¹^,²^,³, 任永峰¹^,³^,⁴()

1.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010031
2.内蒙古农业大学农学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010019
3.内蒙古自治区旱作农业重点实验室，内蒙古呼和浩特 010031
4.农业农村部黑土地保护与利用重点实验室，内蒙古呼和浩特 010031
5.内蒙古自治区兴安盟农牧技术推广中心，内蒙古乌兰浩特 137400

收稿日期:2024-11-28 修回日期:2025-03-25 出版日期:2025-08-15 发布日期:2025-11-24
通讯作者: 任永峰. E-mail: renyongfeng_1984@163.com
作者简介:张乐（1999-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事旱地作物栽培与生理生态研究. E-mail: LeLeLe@email.imau.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901104);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2023SKYPT0032);内蒙古农牧业创新基金项目(2022CXJJN10)

Effects of organic fertilization measures on potato water consumption characteristics and water use efficiency: A case study from the rainfed agricultural region at the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain, Inner Mongolia

ZHANG Le¹^,²(), HAN Yunfei¹^,³^,⁴, LI Baocheng¹^,³^,⁴, DU Erxiao¹^,³, ZHANG Peng¹^,³, BAI Zichen¹, WANG Yanli⁵, ZHAO Peiyi¹^,²^,³, REN Yongfeng¹^,³^,⁴()

1. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, Inner Mongolia, China
2. College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, Inner Mongolia, China
3. Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Hohhot 010031, Inner Mongolia, China
4. Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization (Hohhot), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031, Inner Mongolia, China
5. Xing’an League Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center of Inner Mongolia, Ulanhot 137400, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2024-11-28 Revised:2025-03-25 Published:2025-08-15 Online:2025-11-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对内蒙古阴山北麓旱作区作物水分利用率低和土壤保水能力差等问题，探求旱作区有机培肥改土管理措施，对马铃薯土壤蓄水和作物耗水形成优化方案。通过两年田间随机区组试验，设置传统施肥（CK）、化肥减量配施羊粪（NPK+SD）、化肥减量配施生物炭（NPK+B）、化肥减量配施微生物菌肥（NPK+MF）共4个处理，分析化肥减量配施有机肥对促进马铃薯生长发育、优化生育阶段耗水比例、提升水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：（1） NPK+MF处理下干物质积累量在淀粉积累期达到最大，较CK显著提升41.58%；NPK+MF处理下，增加了0~60 cm土层的土壤含水率，提高了土壤贮水量，同时增大了马铃薯生育期耗水量6.56%；播种-苗期阶段NPK+MF处理下平均耗水量、耗水模系数和耗水强度分别较CK显著降低14.61%、21.84%和14.60%；在块茎形成-膨大阶段耗水达到最大，该阶段NPK+MF处理下平均耗水量、耗水模系数和耗水强度比CK显著提高9.17%、3.34%和9.17%。（2）相比于CK，NPK+MF处理下平均单薯重、单株结薯重和商品薯率分别显著增加了15.42%、25.57%和29.67%。NPK+MF处理下与CK相比产量、水分利用效率和经济效益分别显著提高了25.52%、17.81%和30.59%；较NPK+SD处理下分别显著提高13.26%、8.72%和14.41%，较NPK+B处理下分别显著提高了12.26%、8.42%和7.52%。可见，在内蒙古阴山北麓旱作区马铃薯生产中，化肥减量配施微生物菌肥措施不仅能调节马铃薯生育阶段耗水比例，一定程度上缓解马铃薯植株后期对水分的需求，还可以增加单位耗水下的产量。

关键词: 马铃薯, 有机培肥, 产量, 水分利用效率, 旱作区

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of low water use efficiency of crops and poor water retention capacity of soil in dry farming area in the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain, the optimization scheme of soil water storage and crop water consumption of potato by organic fertilization and soil improvement management measures in dry farming area was explored. Through two years of field randomized block experiment, four treatments were setup: traditional fertilization (CK), chemical fertilizer reduction combined with sheep manure (NPK+SD), chemical fertilizer reduction combined with biochar (NPK+B), and chemical fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer (NPK+MF). The effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer on promoting potato growth and development, optimizing water consumption ratio at growth stage and improving water use efficiency were analyzed. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of NPK+MF treatment reached the maximum at the starch accumulation stage, which was significantly increased by 41.58% compared with CK. The NPK+MF treatment increased the soil moisture content of 0-60 cm, increased the soil water storage, and increased the water consumption of potato growth period by 6.56%. The water consumption of potato stage reached the maximum at the tuber formation-expansion stage. The average water consumption, water consumption modulus and water consumption intensity of NPK+MF treatment were significantly lower than those of CK by14.61%, 21.84% and 14.60%, respectively.The average water consumption, water consumption modulus coefficient and water consumption intensity of NPK+MF treatment were significantly increased by 9.17%, 3.34% and 9.17% compared with CK in the tuber formation-expansion stage. Compared with CK, the average single potato weight, single plant tuber weight and commodity potato rate of NPK+MF treatment were significantly increased by 15.42%, 25.57% and 29.67%, respectively. Compared with CK, the yield, water use efficiency and economic benefit of NPK+MF treatment were significantly increased by 25.52%, 17.81% and 30.59%, respectively. Compared with NPK+SD treatment, the yield, water use efficiency and economic benefit of NPK+MF treatment were significantly increased by 13.26%, 8.72% and 14.41%, respectively. Compared with NPK+B treatment, they were significantly increased by 12.26%, 8.42% and 7.52%, respectively. In conclusion, in potato production at the northern foot of the Yinshan Mountain region of Inner Mongolia, the strategy of reducing chemical fertilizer application combined with microbial fertilizer not only regulates the water consumption ratio across potato growth stages, partially alleviating the water demand pressure during the late growth period, but also enhances yield per unit of water consumption. This approach represents an effective soil fertility management solution for the region.

Key words: potato, organic fertilization, production, water use efficiency, dry farming area

张乐, 韩云飞, 李保成, 杜二小, 张鹏, 白梓辰, 王艳莉, 赵沛义, 任永峰. 有机培肥措施对马铃薯耗水特性及水分利用的影响——以内蒙古阴山北麓旱作区为例[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(8): 1536-1548.

ZHANG Le, HAN Yunfei, LI Baocheng, DU Erxiao, ZHANG Peng, BAI Zichen, WANG Yanli, ZHAO Peiyi, REN Yongfeng. Effects of organic fertilization measures on potato water consumption characteristics and water use efficiency: A case study from the rainfed agricultural region at the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain, Inner Mongolia[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(8): 1536-1548.

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土层/cm	2022年土壤容重/（g∙cm^-3）	2023年土壤容重/（g∙cm^-3）
0~10	1.35	1.36
10~20	1.34	1.35
20~30	1.36	1.36
30~40	1.36	1.37
40~50	1.36	1.37
50~60	1.37	1.38
60~70	1.38	1.39
70~80	1.39	1.40
80~90	1.40	1.42
90~100	1.43	1.44

年份	处理	苗期/（g∙株^-1）	块茎形成期/（g∙株^-1）	块茎膨大期/（g∙株^-1）	淀粉积累期/（g∙株^-1）	成熟期/（g∙株^-1）
2022年	CK	15.01±0.19c	36.42±0.19c	97.45±2.15d	152.11±2.21d	132.48±3.03c
	NPK+SD	17.91±0.31b	46.50±0.54b	118.44±1.54b	175.54±2.35c	151.34±4.23b
	NPK+B	17.02±0.21b	44.09±0.68b	109.24±2.54c	187.15±2.35b	158.46±2.92b
	NPK+MF	19.53±0.90a	51.92±0.46a	126.44±2.69a	208.14±2.64a	181.79±3.52a
2023年	CK	18.12±0.13c	47.77±0.51c	101.46±0.96d	150.78±3.54d	139.64±3.73d
	NPK+SD	19.88±0.10b	57.88±1.45b	113.58±0.59b	196.69±1.40b	176.57±2.12b
	NPK+B	18.64±0.28c	57.39±1.10b	110.88±1.47c	182.84±4.04c	158.24±3.53c
	NPK+MF	21.01±0.33a	62.92±1.25a	117.96±2.83a	220.66±4.02a	192.08±5.47a

年份	处理	总耗水量/mm	降雨量/mm	降水比例/%	灌溉量/mm	灌溉比例/%	土壤贮水消耗/mm	土壤贮水消耗比例/%
2022年	CK	349.26±0.51d	247.9	70.98±0.10a	90	25.77±0.07a	11.36±0.51c	3.25±0.14d
	NPK+SD	366.76±1.27b	247.9	67.59±0.23b	90	24.54±0.09c	28.86±1.27b	7.87±0.32b
	NPK+B	360.36±1.01c	247.9	68.79±0.19c	90	24.98±0.07b	22.46±1.00c	6.23±0.26c
	NPK+MF	375.29±1.46a	247.9	66.06±0.26d	90	23.98±0.09d	37.39±1.46d	9.96±0.35a
2023年	CK	388.94±1.26c	282.3	72.58±0.23a	90	23.14±0.08a	16.64±1.26c	4.28±0.31c
	NPK+SD	405.57±0.74b	282.3	69.61±0.13b	90	22.19±0.04b	33.27±0.74b	8.20±0.17b
	NPK+B	402.02±1.91b	282.3	70.22±0.33b	90	22.39±0.11b	29.72±1.91bc	7.39±0.44b
	NPK+MF	411.31±0.67a	282.3	68.63±0.11c	90	21.88±0.04c	39.01±0.67a	9.49±0.15a

指标	年份	处理	播种-苗期	苗期-块茎形成期	块茎形成期-块茎膨大期	块茎膨大期-淀粉积累期	淀粉积累期-成熟期
阶段耗水量/mm	2022年	CK	60.85±0.43a	45.22±2.14a	121.81±0.22c	80.77±0.82d	40.61±0.96c
		NPK+SD	56.91±0.34bc	47.87±1.12a	129.40±1.18b	87.99±0.34b	44.60±1.02ab
		NPK+B	58.26±0.99b	47.35±1.03a	126.96±0.64b	85.56±0.61c	42.23±0.96bc
		NPK+MF	55.92±0.32c	50.07±1.18a	132.84±1.10a	90.36±0.57a	46.09±0.70a
	2023年	CK	77.84±1.41a	42.59±0.36b	127.92±0.54c	98.40±0.54b	42.19±1.08b
		NPK+SD	73.14±0.74b	45.85±0.84a	135.22±1.43b	104.08±1.64b	47.28±0.92a
		NPK+B	76.16±1.84ab	44.57±1.03ab	134.78±1.23b	102.45±2.42b	44.05±0.83b
		NPK+MF	65.09±0.78c	46.07±1.07a	139.80±1.16a	111.85±2.71a	48.50±0.61a
耗水模系数/%	2022年	CK	17.42±0.10a	12.95±0.56a	34.87±0.02a	23.13±0.27b	11.63±0.48a
		NPK+SD	15.52±0.05c	13.05±0.26a	35.28±0.20a	23.99±0.18a	12.16±0.32a
		NPK+B	16.16±0.22b	13.14±0.25a	35.23±0.13a	23.75±0.24ab	11.72±0.29a
		NPK+MF	14.90±0.04d	13.34±0.27a	35.40±0.19a	24.08±0.22a	12.28±0.23a
	2023年	CK	20.01±0.30a	10.95±0.09b	32.89±0.16b	25.30±0.22a	10.85±0.28c
		NPK+SD	18.03±0.17c	11.31±0.21a	33.34±0.31ab	25.67±0.42a	11.65±0.23ab
		NPK+B	18.94±0.37b	11.09±0.21a	33.52±0.18ab	25.49±0.72a	10.96±0.18bc
		NPK+MF	15.82±0.17d	11.20±0.25a	33.99±0.22a	27.20±0.70a	11.79±0.13a

年份	处理	耗水强度/（mm·d^-1）
年份	处理	播种-苗期	苗期-块茎形成期	块茎形成期-块茎膨大期	块茎膨大期-淀粉积累期	淀粉积累期-成熟期
2022年	CK	1.96±0.01a	1.51±0.074c	3.93±0.01c	2.61±0.03c	1.36±0.05c
	NPK+SD	1.84±0.01b	1.60±0.04a	4.17±0.04b	2.84±0.01b	1.49±0.04a
	NPK+B	1.88±0.03bc	1.58±0.04b	4.10±0.01b	2.76±0.02b	1.41±0.03b
	NPK+MF	1.80±0.01c	1.67±0.04a	4.28±0.04a	2.92±0.02a	1.54±0.03a
2023年	CK	2.51±0.05a	1.42±0.02b	4.13±0.02c	3.17±0.02b	1.41±0.04b
	NPK+SD	2.36±0.02b	1.53±0.03a	4.36±0.05b	3.36±0.05b	1.58±0.03a
	NPK+B	2.46±0.06ab	1.49±0.03ab	4.35±0.04b	3.21±0.07b	1.47±0.03b
	NPK+MF	2.10±0.02c	1.54±0.04a	4.51±0.04a	3.61±0.09a	1.62±0.02a

有机培肥措施对马铃薯耗水特性及水分利用的影响——以内蒙古阴山北麓旱作区为例

Effects of organic fertilization measures on potato water consumption characteristics and water use efficiency: A case study from the rainfed agricultural region at the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain, Inner Mongolia

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年份	处理	产量/（kg∙hm^-2）	单薯重/g	单株结薯数/个	单株结薯/g	商品薯率/%	水分利用效率/（kg∙hm^-2∙mm^-1）	单位耗水下增产量/（kg∙hm^-2∙mm^-1）
2022年	CK	30905c	149.49c	4a	650.28c	39.18c	88.49c	-
	NPK+SD	35915b	161.46b	5a	747.56b	46.53b	97.94b	286.42b
	NPK+B	34389b	156.03b	5a	713.06b	43.71b	95.44b	314.13a
	NPK+MF	39375a	171.27a	5a	837.51a	50.95a	104.92a	325.59a
2023年	CK	32916c	163.88c	5a	771.87c	40.69c	84.63c	-
	NPK+SD	36368b	183.42b	5a	893.26b	47.92b	89.67b	207.58c
	NPK+B	37256b	178.98b	5a	857.31b	45.11b	92.67b	331.88a
	NPK+MF	40732a	190.41a	5a	948.24a	52.62a	99.03a	349.32a

年份	处理	产量收入/（元·hm^-2）	农业投入		经济效益/（元·hm^-2）	产投比
年份	处理	产量收入/（元·hm^-2）	肥料/（元·hm^-2）	其他/（元·hm^-2）	经济效益/（元·hm^-2）	产投比
2022年	CK	49448c	4084c	27450a	17914c	1.57b
	NPK+SD	57464b	8040b	27450a	21974b	1.62a
	NPK+B	55022b	8876b	27450a	18696c	1.51c
	NPK+MF	63000a	11140a	27450a	24410a	1.63a
2023年	CK	52665c	4084c	27450a	21132c	1.67b
	NPK+SD	58188b	8040b	27450a	22699b	1.64b
	NPK+B	59609b	8876b	27450a	23284b	1.64b
	NPK+MF	65171a	11140a	27450a	26581a	1.69a

处理	回归方程	R²
CK	y=-0.0002x²+0.0504x-1.7517	0.7068
NPK+SD	y=-0.0004x²+0.0899x-3.3007	0.6814
NPK+B	y=-0.0005x²+0.1111x-4.0604	0.6889
NPK+MF	y=-0.0007x²+0.1514x-5.6281	0.7155

相关系数	单薯重	单株结薯数	单株结薯重	商品薯率	干物质量	产量
耗水量	0.997^**	0.979^*	0.991^**	0.989^*	0.984^*	0.977^*
水分利用效率	0.971^*	0.982^*	0.978^*	0.969^*	0.992^**	0.998^**

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