准东五彩湾矿区周边土壤重金属分布特征与来源

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.05.16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究以准东五彩湾矿区周边表层土壤为研究对象，采用克里金插值法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、潜在生态风险指数法和正定矩阵因子模型等多种方法，系统揭示了研究区Hg、Cr、As、Pb、Cu、Zn、Cd 7种重金属的空间分布、污染水平、生态风险及来源。研究结果表明：7种重金属的污染水平从高到低依次是Hg>Cr>As>Pb>Cu>Zn>Cd。其中，Hg、As、Cr和Pb分别有100%、100%、98%和86%的点位高于新疆土壤背景值，显示出明显的潜在污染风险。进一步解析污染源发现，研究区表层土壤重金属的主要来源包括工业排放源（23.3%）、交通排放源（14.6%）、燃烧源（19.0%）、自然源（19.9%）和大气沉降源（23.2%）。研究结果可为新疆煤矿开采区重金属污染土壤的修复与治理提供理论依据与数据支撑。

关键词: 重金属, 分布特征, 生态风险, 来源解析, 五彩湾矿区

Abstract:

This study focuses on the surface soils around the Wucaiwan mining Area in Zhundong, Xinjiang, Chian. By integrating multiple methods, including Kriging interpolation, the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method, the potential ecological risk index method, and the Positive Matrix Factorization model, the spatial distribution, pollution levels, ecological risks, and sources of seven heavy metals (Hg, Cr, As, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd) in the study area were systematically analyzed. The results indicate that the pollution levels of the heavy metals, in descending order, are Hg>Cr>As>Pb>Cu>Zn>Cd. Notably, 100% of the sampling points for Hg, As, 98% for Cr, and 86% for Pb exceed the regional soil background values of Xinjiang, highlighting significant potential pollution risks. Source apportionment reveals that the primary sources of heavy metals in the surface soil of the study area are industrial emissions (23.3%), traffic emissions (14.6%), combustion sources (19.0%), natural sources (19.9%), and atmospheric deposition (23.2%). These findings provide a robust scientific basis and significant guidance for the remediation and management of heavy metal-contaminated soils in coal mining areas of Xinjiang.

Key words: heavy metals, distribution characteristics, ecological risk, source apportionment, Wucaiwan mining area

杨艳艳, 陈兴, 王泽, 柯奕豪, 李青林, 郝祥雪, 王若昕, 孙灿. 准东五彩湾矿区周边土壤重金属分布特征与来源[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(5): 944-956.

YANG Yanyan, CHEN Xing, WANG Ze, KE Yihao, LI Qinglin, HAO Xiangxue, WANG Ruoxin, SUN Can. Distribution characteristics and sources of heavy metals in soil around Wucaiwan mining area in Zhundong[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(5): 944-956.

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单因子指数		内梅罗综合污染指数		地累积指数		潜在生态风险指数
P_i	污染水平	P_N	污染水平	I_geo	污染程度	${E}_{r}^{i}$	RI	风险等级
P_i<1	清洁	P_N≤0.7	安全	I_geo≤0	无污染	${E}_{r}^{i}$<40	RI<150	轻微风险
1≤P_i<2	轻微污染	0.7<P_N≤1	警戒	0<I_geo≤1	轻度污染	40≤${E}_{r}^{i}$<80	150≤RI<300	中等风险
2≤P_i<3	轻度污染	1<P_N≤2	轻污染	1<I_geo≤2	偏中度污染	80≤${E}_{r}^{i}$<160	300≤RI<600	强风险
3≤P_i<5	中度污染	2<P_N≤3	中污染	2<I_geo≤3	中度污染	160≤${E}_{r}^{i}$<320	600≤RI<1200	很强风险
P_i≥5	重污染	P_N>3	重污染	3<I_geo≤4	偏重污染	${E}_{r}^{i}$≥320	RI≥1200	极强风险
				4<I_geo≤5	重度污染
				I_geo>5	严重污染

元素	土壤重金属浓度ω/（mg·kg^-1）						标准偏差	C_v/%	背景值超标率/%	筛选值超标率/%
元素	最小值	最大值	平均值	中值	背景值	筛选值	标准偏差	C_v/%	背景值超标率/%	筛选值超标率/%
Cu	16.10	122.27	29.73	24.65	26.70	100	18.96	63.75	36	2
Zn	43.72	297.26	73.37	67.73	66.80	300	34.35	46.81	54	0
Pb	16.49	29.49	22.86	22.16	19.40	170	3.50	15.32	86	0
Cd	0.02	0.18	0.08	0.07	0.12	0.6	0.03	41.36	10	0
Cr	47.68	205.94	80.77	75.96	49.30	250	25.14	31.12	98	0
As	12.40	25.53	16.93	16.60	11.20	25	3.00	17.69	100	4
Hg	0.11	1.12	0.44	0.40	0.017	3.4	0.20	44.52	100	0

元素		最小值	最大值	均值	方差	标准差	C_v/%	峰度	偏度
P_i	Cu	0.60	4.58	1.11	0.50	0.71	63.79	14.57	3.60
	Zn	0.65	4.45	1.10	0.27	0.51	46.81	38.44	5.84
	Pb	0.85	1.52	1.18	0.03	0.18	15.28	-0.86	0.26
	Cd	0.18	1.46	0.62	0.06	0.26	41.45	1.40	0.97
	Cr	0.97	4.18	1.64	0.26	0.51	31.12	11.98	2.78
	As	1.11	2.28	1.51	0.07	0.27	17.67	1.15	1.06
	Hg	6.17	65.72	25.83	132.30	11.50	44.52	2.76	1.36
P_N		4.55	47.06	18.57	67.41	8.21	44.21	2.76	1.36

元素	最小值	最大值	均值	方差	标准差	C_v/%	峰度	偏度
Cu	3.02	22.90	5.57	12.60	3.55	63.76	14.59	3.60
Zn	0.65	4.45	1.10	0.26	0.51	46.81	38.50	5.85
Pb	4.25	7.60	5.89	0.82	0.90	15.32	-0.84	0.26
Cd	5.00	45.00	18.55	62.27	7.89	42.54	1.68	1.11
Cr	1.93	8.36	3.28	1.04	1.02	31.12	11.89	2.79
As	11.07	22.79	15.11	7.15	2.67	17.69	1.13	1.05
Hg	235.29	2635.29	1032.94	211064.19	459.42	44.48	2.82	1.36
RI	290.73	2681.96	1082.44	210545.59	458.85	42.39	2.81	1.37

元素	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5
Cu	0.39	0.79	-0.17	0.08	0.19
Zn	0.15	0.01	0.91	0.17	-0.01
Pb	0.32	-0.77	-0.22	0.28	0.11
Cd	-0.05	-0.12	0.19	0.93	-0.07
Cr	0.89	-0.01	0.09	-0.15	0.10
As	0.64	0.10	0.46	0.36	-0.12
Hg	0.05	0.05	-0.03	-0.07	0.99
特征值	1.49	1.23	1.16	1.13	1.05
方差贡献率/%	21.30	17.63	16.51	16.07	14.95
累计方差贡献率/%	21.30	38.93	55.44	71.51	86.46