北非埃及地区风蚀沙尘时空变化研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.06.05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过分析1990—2020年北非埃及气象观测数据和卫星遥感资料，研究风蚀沙尘的时空变化特点，并阐明主要影响因素。结果显示：埃及近30 a沙尘天气发生频次在20~65 d·a^-1之间变化，整体呈现出逐渐降低的变化趋势，总悬浮颗粒物（Total Suspended Particulates，TSP）年均浓度在400~1200 μg·mg^-3之间波动，在全球干旱区处于较高强度水平；扬沙天气发生频率最高，其次是浮尘、沙尘暴和强沙尘暴天气，其中春、夏两季扬沙天气日数占全年沙尘天气总日数的60%以上，环境TSP浓度与沙尘天气发生频次高度相关；近30 a埃及地面风速呈现减小趋势，风力侵蚀作用是影响地区空气质量的关键因素；沙尘天气频率与大西洋多年代际振荡（Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation，AMO）指数显著负相关，相关系数约为-0.67。本研究为全面了解北非埃及地区风蚀沙尘的时空变化特征和预防沙尘暴灾害提供理论依据和数据支持。

关键词: 埃及, 风蚀沙尘, 时空变化, 环境演变

Abstract:

The Sahara region of northern Africa is seriously affected by drought and desertification, and eolian dust activity disasters are considered severe. The arid and semi-arid regions of Egypt in northern Africa were the focus of this study. Based on daily observation data from meteorological stations between 1990 and 2020, and the data obtained from satellite remote sensing products, the spatiotemporal variability characteristics of eolian dust activity disasters in Egypt and their possible associations were assessed. The main influencing factors of eolian dust activity disasters were further discussed. The frequency of eolian dust activities in Egypt varied from 20 to 65 d·a^-1 over the past 30 years, showing an overall declining trend with fluctuations. The annual average total suspended particulate (TSP) concentration in Egypt fluctuates was 400-1200 μg·mg^-3 and showed an overall decreasing trend over the past 30 years. The highest TSP concentration occurred during spring in Egypt and reached over 2300 μg·m^-3. Eolian dust activity in Egypt has a high intensity level when compared to other arid and semi-arid regions of the world; Egypt has the highest frequency of blowing dust, followed by dust in suspension, dust storm, and severe dust storm. The blowing dust that occurs in spring and summer accounts for more than 60% of the total eolian dust weather throughout the year. Ambient TSP concentrations in Egypt are highly correlated with the frequency of eolian dust activity due to wind erosion; There has been a deceasing trend in surface wind speed over the past 30 years, and wind erosion is an important factor affecting air quality in the oasis areas. The frequency of eolian dust activity is significantly negatively correlated with the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation with a correlation coefficient of -0.67. This work provides theoretical basis and data support for a comprehensive understanding of the spatial-temporal characteristics of eolian dust weather in Egypt, North Africa, and the prevention of dust storm disasters.

Key words: Egypt, aeolian dust, spatial-temporal change, environmental evolution

薛一波, 张小啸, 雷加强, 李生宇, 王永东, 尤源. 北非埃及地区风蚀沙尘时空变化研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(6): 896-904.

XUE Yibo, ZHANG Xiaoxiao, LEI Jiaqiang, LI Shengyu, WANG Yongdong, YOU Yuan. Spatial-temporal variability of eolian dust in Egypt, North Africa[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(6): 896-904.

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