保护性耕作对黄土高原半干旱区农田土壤N2O排放的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.02.17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

一氧化二氮（N₂O）是大气中重要的温室气体之一,在全球气候变暖问题中备受关注,而农田土壤是其主要排放源。在影响农田N₂O排放的诸多因子中,耕作措施作为关键因素,其对旱地农田土壤N₂O的排放规律尚不明确。为此,本试验以传统耕作（T）为对照、布设免耕（NT）、传统耕作+秸秆覆盖（TS）、免耕+秸秆覆盖（NTS）3种保护性耕作,采用静态箱-气相色谱法对春小麦地土壤N₂O排放通量进行测定,并对影响N₂O排放的相关因子及春小麦产量进行同期测定。结果表明：（1）春小麦地不同耕作措施下土壤N₂O累计排放量大小顺序为：T>NT>TS>NTS,其中T处理显著高于其他处理,分别较NT、TS、NTS处理增加了15.87%、28.08%和39.58%,另外相比于T处理,保护性耕作有助于表层土壤NH₄⁺-N含量及春小麦产量的增加,并减少NO₃^--N含量的积累。（2）相关关系表明,土壤温度、土壤含水量及NH₄⁺-N含量是影响土壤N₂O排放的关键因素。其中,土壤含水量、NH₄⁺-N含量与春小麦地土壤N₂O排放量均呈极显著负相关关系,土壤温度与N₂O排放量呈极显著正相关关系。因此,以经济效益和环境效益为基础,综合考虑N₂O排放量和作物产量,黄土高原半干旱区以NTS处理为最优耕作措施。

关键词: 温室气体, 保护性耕作, 耕作措施, 春小麦, 相关关系, 黄土高原

Abstract:

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is an important greenhouse gas. It has attracted much attention as a factor in climate change, and farmland soil is the main source of emissions. Among many variables affecting N₂O emission from farmland, tillage is a key factor but exactly how it regulates N₂O emission from dryland farmland soil is unclear. In this study, traditional tillage (T) was used as a control, and three kinds of conservation tillage were used: no tillage (NT), traditional tillage + straw mulch (TS), and no tillage + straw mulch (NTS). The soil N₂O emission flux of a spring wheat field was measured by static box gas chromatography, and factors affecting N₂O emission and spring wheat yield were measured concurrently. Soil N₂O cumulative emissions under different tillage measures in the spring wheat field decreased in the order T > NT > TS > NTS. Emissions under treatment T were significantly higher than those under other treatments (by 15.87%, 28.08%, and 39.58%, respectively, compared with NT, TS, and NTS). In addition, compared with treatment T, conservation tillage helped to increase the surface soil content of NH₄⁺-N and the yield of spring wheat, and reduce the accumulation of NO₃^--N. Correlation analysis showed that soil temperature, soil water content, and NH₄⁺-N content were associated with soil N₂O emission. Of these, soil water content and NH₄⁺-N content showed significant negative correlations with soil N₂O emission, and soil temperature showed a highly significant positive correlation with N₂O emission. Based on economic and environmental benefits and considering N₂O emission and crop yield, we suggest that NTS is the best tillage strategy in semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau.

Key words: greenhouse gases, conservation tillage, farming practices, spring wheat, correlation, Loess Plateau

杜梦寅,袁建钰,李广,闫丽娟,刘兴宇,祁小平,庞晔. 保护性耕作对黄土高原半干旱区农田土壤N₂O排放的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(2): 493-501.

DU Mengyin,YUAN Jianyu,LI Guang,YAN Lijuan,LIU Xingyu,QI Xiaoping,PANG Ye. Effects of protective measures on N₂O emission from farmland soil in a semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(2): 493-501.

图/表 8

表1

图1

图2

表2

图3

表3

春小麦地土壤N2O排放通量与其影响因子间的相关关系"

指标	土壤温度	土壤含水量	$N O 3 -$ -N	$N H 4 +$ -N
N₂O通量	0.757^**	-0.851^**	0.134	-0.654^**

表3

图4

图5

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处理	株高/cm	穗粒数	千粒重/g	产量/(kg·hm^-2)
T	96.87c	22b	37.91a	1282.2a
TS	99.93bc	34a	41.93ab	1436.15b
NT	101.33ab	30ab	43.50ab	1450.47b
NTS	104a	32ab	47.44b	1607.47c

保护性耕作对黄土高原半干旱区农田土壤N₂O排放的影响

Effects of protective measures on N₂O emission from farmland soil in a semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau

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处理	代码	耕作方法
传统耕作	T	3月25日播种作物,收获后至冬至前三耕两耱
传统耕作+秸秆覆盖	TS	耕作方式同T,收获后脱粒并将作物秸秆均匀归还原小区
免耕	NT	全年不耕作,不进行秸秆覆盖
免耕+秸秆覆盖	NTS	耕作方式同NT,秸秆覆盖方式同TS

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