长期滴灌棉田非灌溉季节土壤盐分累积特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.02.16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

非灌溉季节冻融过程中土壤水盐的运动变化特征,直接影响春季作物灌水决策。本文对新疆绿洲灌区6块不同滴灌年限的棉田地块进行田间采样监测,探究冻融过程中土壤水盐运移规律以及不同滴灌年限棉田土壤盐分累积特征。结果表明：（1）随滴灌年限的增加,棉田盐分分布特征由表层聚集转变为向深层累积。（2）在冻融过程中,棉田土壤盐分运动特征存在明显的地块差异,荒地（CK）和滴灌17 a、19 a、23 a地块出现返盐趋势,平均盐分通量为43.61 g·m^-2·d^-1、172.57 g·m^-2·d^-1、38.18 g·m^-2·d^-1和10.53 g·m^-2·d^-1。（3）消融期是荒地（CK）、13 a、15 a、17 a、19 a和23 a地块水分和盐分运移最活跃的时期,冻融后所有地块敏感区（0~60 cm）土壤贮水量分别增加了23.43 mm、81.26 mm、31.68 mm、62.39 mm、96.98和69.64 mm。研究揭示了冻融过程中土壤水盐运移规律以及不同滴灌年限棉田盐分累积特征,可对新疆非灌溉季冻融条件下和长期滴灌下的土壤管理提供科学指导。

关键词: 滴灌棉田, 冻融, 盐分通量, 盐分累积, 水分损失

Abstract:

To explore the changing characteristics of soil water and salt movement in cotton fields with different drip irrigation years during the freezing and thawing process, this study conducted field sampling and monitoring on five plots with different drip irrigation years and a wasteland (CK) in the Xinjiang oasis irrigation area. The soil salt content of the 0-120 cm soil layer decreased significantly as the drip irrigation years increased, and the salt distribution characteristics changed from a surface accumulation type to a uniform type. During the freezing and thawing process, the characteristics of soil salt movement in cotton fields had obvious plot differences, wherein the soil salt in each layer of the wasteland and the cotton field with 17, 19, and 23 drip irrigation years increased, with average salt fluxes of 43.61, 172.57, 38.18, and 10.53 g·m^-2·d^-1, respectively. 0-60 cm range was the sensitive layer of soil water storage in the drip irrigation cotton field. More specifically, the ablation period was the most active period of water and salt movement in each plot. After freezing and thawing, the soil water storage in this area of the wasteland and the cotton field with 13, 15, 17, 19, and 23 drip irrigation years increased by 23.43 mm, 81.26 mm, 31.68 mm, 62.39 mm, 96.98 mm, and 69.64 mm, respectively. This study reveals trends in soil water and salt transport during the freeze-thaw process and the characteristics of salt accumulation in cotton fields with different drip irrigation years. Results provide scientific guidance for soil management under freeze-thaw conditions in non-irrigation seasons and long-term drip irrigation in Xinjiang.

Key words: drip irrigation cotton field, freeze-thaw, salt flux, salt accumulation, water loss

谭明东,王振华,王越,李文昊,宗睿,邹杰. 长期滴灌棉田非灌溉季节土壤盐分累积特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(2): 485-492.

TAN Mingdong,WANG Zhenhua,WANG Yue,LI Wenhao,ZONG Rui,ZOU Jie. Soil salt accumulation characteristics of long-term drip irrigation in cotton fields during non-irrigation seasons[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(2): 485-492.

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时段	各地块敏感区水分损失量/mm
时段	0 a	13 a	15 a	17 a	19 a	23 a
冻结前期（2020-11-15—2020-12-15）	-3.89	37.32	6.22	2.97	7.30	20.31
冻结期（2020-12-15—2021-03-11）	3.91	-20.98	23.63	15.74	8.45	-10.96
消融期（2021-03-11—2021-03-31）	23.41	64.91	1.83	43.69	81.23	60.28
全时期（2020-11-15—2021-03-31）	23.43	81.26	31.68	62.39	96.98	69.64