短期秸秆不同还田方式对土壤结构和水分影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.02.18

干旱区研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 502-509.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.02.18

短期秸秆不同还田方式对土壤结构和水分影响

周彦莉^1,^2,³(),吴海梅^1,^2,³,周彦栋^1,^3,⁴,尚旭民^1,^2,³,逄蕾^1,^2,³()

1.甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃兰州 730070
2.甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州 730070
3.甘肃农业大学植物生产类实验教学中心,甘肃兰州 730070
4.甘肃农业大学食品科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2021-08-23 修回日期:2021-12-31 出版日期:2022-03-15 发布日期:2022-03-30
通讯作者: 逄蕾
作者简介:周彦莉（1995-）,女,在读研究生,主要从事覆盖栽培对土壤生态影响的研究. E-mail: 3412726712@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32160525);甘肃省自然科学基金(20JR5RA034);甘肃省高等学校创新基金项目(2020B125);研究生重点课程建设项目(GSAU-ZDKC-1909);盛彤笙创新基金(GSAU-STS-1736);甘肃农业大学省级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202110733006)

Effects of different short-term straw returning methods on soil structure and water content

ZHOU Yanli^1,^2,³(),WU Haimei^1,^2,³,ZHOU Yandong^1,^3,⁴,SHANG Xumin^1,^2,³,PANG Lei^1,^2,³()

1. Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
2. College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
3. Experimental Teaching Center of Plant Production, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
4. College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China

Received:2021-08-23 Revised:2021-12-31 Online:2022-03-15 Published:2022-03-30
Contact: Lei PANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过大田试验和蒸发桶模拟试验,分析了短期秸秆不同还田方式对土壤结构和水分蒸发的影响。设对照（CK）、碎秆还田（T1）、碎秆还田+整秆覆盖（T2）和整秆覆盖（T3）4种处理。研究发现：（1） 0~20 cm土层,T1、T2和T3均能降低土壤容重,增大土壤毛管孔隙度,但对团聚体影响差异较大,T1和T2大团聚体含量比CK显著增加36.90%和63.06%（P<0.05）,T3比CK降低9.89%。（2） T1、T2和T3均能提高0~60 cm土层土壤平均含水量,降低土壤水分累积蒸发量。T3的累计蒸发量最小,T2和T3之间差异不显著,与CK相比,其抑制水分蒸发率分别是3.65%和4.13%。（3）碎秆还田+整秆覆盖对改良土壤结构和抑制土壤水分蒸发效果最佳。

关键词: 秸秆碎秆还田, 秸秆整秆覆盖, 土壤物理结构, 土壤水分蒸发

Abstract:

Soil structure and water content are key factors influencing crop production. The effects of different short-term straw returning measures on soil structure and water evaporation were analyzed via field experiment and using evaporation bucket simulation tests. Four treatments were used: control (CK), broken stalks returned to the field (T1), broken stalks returned to the field plus whole stalk cover (T2), and whole stalk cover (T3). The study found the following results: (1) for the 0-20 cm soil layer, T1, T2, and T3 decreased soil bulk density and increased soil capillary porosity but had significant effects on aggregates. The contents of large aggregates in T1 and T2 significantly increased by 36.90% and 63.06%, respectively, compared with CK (P<0.05). Moreover, large aggregate content in T3 decreased by 9.89% compared with that in CK. (2) T1, T2, and T3 may increase the average soil water content in the 0-60 cm soil layer and decrease the cumulative evaporation of soil water. The smallest cumulative evaporation was seen in T3, and no significant difference was observed between T2 and T3. Compared with CK, the transpiration inhibition rate of T2 and T3 was 3.65% and 4.13%, respectively. (3) Broken stalks returned to the field plus whole stalk cover had the best effect on improving soil structure and inhibiting soil water evaporation.

Key words: straw broken stalk return to the field, whole straw mulch, soil physical structure, evaporation of soil water

周彦莉,吴海梅,周彦栋,尚旭民,逄蕾. 短期秸秆不同还田方式对土壤结构和水分影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(2): 502-509.

ZHOU Yanli,WU Haimei,ZHOU Yandong,SHANG Xumin,PANG Lei. Effects of different short-term straw returning methods on soil structure and water content[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(2): 502-509.

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处理	土壤容重/（g·cm^-3）		土壤孔隙度/%
处理	土壤容重/（g·cm^-3）	总孔隙度	毛管孔隙度	非毛管孔隙度
CK	1.39±0.03a	47.70±1.30b	19.19±0.64c	28.51±1.38a
T1	1.31±0.02b	50.63±0.69a	25.77±0.68a	24.86±0.93b
T2	1.32±0.04ab	50.07±1.49ab	23.55±1.28b	26.52±2.05ab
T3	1.34±0.04ab	49.41±1.58ab	20.75±1.24c	28.66±1.18a

处理	MWD/mm	GMD/mm	ELT/%
CK	0.85±0.03c	0.97±0.01c	34.14±1.63a
T1	1.89±0.08a	1.47±0.04a	23.33±2.96c
T2	1.90±0.02a	1.44±0.01a	22.48±1.14c
T3	1.32±0.04b	1.14±0.03b	28.89±1.77b

处理	E拟合参数		R²	ab	b-1
	a	b	R²	ab	b-1
CK	3.806	0.705	0.940	2.683	-0.295
T1	3.223	0.767	0.935	2.472	-0.233
T2	1.978	0.916	0.953	1.812	-0.084
T3	1.602	0.977	0.966	1.565	-0.023

短期秸秆不同还田方式对土壤结构和水分影响

Effects of different short-term straw returning methods on soil structure and water content

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