巴丹吉林沙漠南缘沙地芦苇种群生态特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.01.21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对天然分布在巴丹吉林沙漠南缘2种沙地生境（盐渍沙地、普通沙地）芦苇（Phragmites australis）分株种群的构件特征、种群年龄结构、动态特征及种群空间分布格局进行调查,研究表明：（1）盐渍沙地土壤含水量和含盐量都显著大于普通沙地,普通沙地芦苇的株高、生物量以及各构件的生物量整体上都高于盐渍沙地的芦苇,土壤含水量和含盐量是该地区芦苇形态特征差异的重要驱动因素。（2）不同生境样地因土壤条件及种间竞争程度的差异,芦苇种群呈现出不同的年龄结构以及数量动态变化,普通沙地芦苇种群趋向于衰退型,盐渍沙地芦苇种群表现为增长型。（3）普通沙地中芦苇种群空间分布格局在0~4 m尺度上表现为聚集分布,在大于4 m的尺度上表现为随机分布;盐渍沙地的函数值基本都在2条包迹线之间,在0~10 m的尺度内均为随机分布。

关键词: 巴丹吉林沙漠, 沙地, 芦苇种群, 构件特征, 年龄结构, 数量动态, 空间分布格局

Abstract:

The structural characteristics, age structure, dynamic characteristics, and spatial distribution pattern of Phragmites australis in two types of sandy habitat in the southern margin of Badain Jaran Desert were investigated. Results showed that the following. (1) The plant height, total biomass, and biomass of each component of Phragmites australis in common sandy land were higher than those in saline sandy land. Soil water content and salt content were the important driving factors for the differences in Phragmites australis morphological characteristics in this area. (2) Due to the different soil conditions and the different degrees of interspecies competition, different age structures and dynamic change trends were shown in different sample plots; in common sandy soil, the Phragmites australis population tended to decline, whereas the population of Phragmites australis in saline sand soil tended to increase. (3) The spatial pattern of the Phragmites australis population in the common sandy habitat had an aggregated distribution on a scale of 0-4 m and a random distribution on a scale >4 m. However, the function values of the saline sandy habitat were generally between two enveloped trace lines and distributed randomly on a scale from 0 to 10 m.

Key words: Badain Jaran Desert, sand, Phragmites australis population, component characteristics, age structure, quantitative dynamic change, spatial distribution pattern

刘鑫,焦健,王婷,张玲豫,李朝周. 巴丹吉林沙漠南缘沙地芦苇种群生态特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(1): 220-229.

LIU Xin,JIAO Jian,WANG Ting,ZHANG Lingyu,LI Chaozhou. Population ecological features of Phragmites australis in sandy habitats on the southern edge of Badain Jaran Desert[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(1): 220-229.

图/表 11

图1

表1

表2

表3

图2

表4

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

参考文献 38

[1]	周夏伟. 国家沙化土地封禁保护政策可持续性研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2018.
	[Zhou Xiawei. The Study of the Sustainability of National Desertified Land Sealed Pretection Policy[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2018. ]
[2]	丁俊祥, 邹杰, 唐立松, 等. 沼泽、盐化沙丘过渡带和沙丘生境下芦苇的光合及生理生化特性[J]. 生态学报, 2015, 35(16): 5316-5323.
	[Ding Junxiang, Zou Jie, Tang Lisong, et al. Photosynjournal and physiological-biochemical characteristics of Phragmites australis in swamp, light salt meadow, and sand dune habitats[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(16): 5316-5323. ]
[3]	刘乐乐. 芦苇的遗传多样性谱系地理与生态适应研究[D]. 济南: 山东大学, 2020.
	[Liu Lele. Genetic Diversity, Phylogeography and Ecological Adaptation of Phragmites australis[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2020. ]
[4]	Kirk H, Paul J, Straka J, et al. Long-distance dispersal and high genetic diversity are implicated in the invasive spread of the common reed, Phragmits australis(Poaceae)in northeastern North America[J]. American Journal of Botany, 2011, 98(7): 1180-1190. doi: 10.3732/ajb.1000278
[5]	乔斌, 何彤慧, 于骥, 等. 银川平原湖泊湿地不同水深梯度下芦苇种群生长特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2017, 34(4): 762-769.
	[Qiao Bin, He Tonghui, Yu Ji, et al. Growth of Phragmites australis population under different water-depth gradients in lake-wetland of the Yinchuan Plain[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2017, 34(4): 762-769. ]
[6]	焦德志, 闫秋月, 姜秋旭, 等. 黑龙江扎龙湿生芦苇种群构件数量特征及其相关性[J]. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(7): 1983-1989.
	[Jiao Dezhi, Yan Qiuyue, Jiang Qiuxu, et al. Equantitative characteristics and interrelation of module of Phragmites australis[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2018, 37(7): 1983-1989. ]
[7]	Hansen D, Lambertini C, Jampeetong A, et al. Clone-specific differences in Phragmits australis: Effects of ploidy level and geographic origin[J]. Aquatic Botany, 2007, 86(3): 269-279. doi: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2006.11.005
[8]	杨允菲, 李建东. 松嫩平原不同生境芦苇种群分株的生物量分配与生长分析[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, 14(1): 30-34.
	[Yang Yunfei, Li Jiandong. Biomass allocation and growth analysis on the ramets of Phragmites communis populations in different habitats in the Songnen Plains of China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, 14(1): 30-34. ]
[9]	焦德志, 姜秋旭, 曹瑞, 等. 扎龙湿地不同生境芦苇种群根茎数量特征及动态[J]. 生态学报, 2018, 38(10): 3432-3440.
	[Jiao Dezhi, Jiang Qiuxu, Cao Rui, et al. Quantitative characteristics and dynamics of the rhizome of Phragmites australis populations in heterogeneous habitats in the Zhalong Wetland[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(10): 3432-3440. ]
[10]	戚志伟, 高艳娜, 李沙沙, 等. 长江口滨海湿生芦苇和白茅形态和生长特征对地下水位的响应[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2016, 22(6): 986-992.
	[Qi Zhiwei, Gao Yanna, Li Shasha, et al. A comparative study of morphology and growth traits between Phragmites australis and Imperata cylindrica under varying ground water table in the coastal wetland of Yangtze River Estuary[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied & Environmental Biology, 2016, 22(6): 986-992. ]
[11]	司建华, 冯起, 张艳武, 等. 荒漠-绿洲芦苇地蒸散量及能量平衡特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2010, 27(2): 160-168.
	[Si Jianhua, Feng Qi, Zhang Yanwu, et al. Research on evapotranspiration and energy budget of Phragmites australis stand in oasis[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2010, 27(2): 160-168. ]
[12]	王婷, 李朝周, 焦健, 等. 不同生境芦苇根茎生长发育与根际微环境的比较研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(1): 233-240.
	[Wang Ting, Li Chaozhou, Jiao Jian, et al. Comparative study on the reed rhizospheric microenvironment and reed rhizome growth and development in different habitats[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(1): 233-240. ]
[13]	马赟花, 张铜会, 刘新平. 半干旱区沙地芦苇对浅水位变化的生理生态响应[J]. 生态学报, 2013, 33(21): 6984-6991.
	[Ma Yunhua, Zhang Tonghui, Liu Xinping. Eco-physiological response of Phragmites communis to water table changes in the Horqin Sand Land[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013, 33(21): 6984-6991. ]
[14]	焦亮, 关雪, 刘雪蕊, 等. 内陆河湿地芦苇叶功能性状特征及其对土壤环境因子的响应[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020, 37(1): 202-211.
	[Jiao Liang, Guan Xue, Liu Xuerui, et al. Functional traits of Phragmites australis leaves and response to soil environmental factors in inland river wetland[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020, 37(1): 202-211. ]
[15]	独肖艳, 焦润安, 焦健, 等. 河西走廊不同生态型芦苇种群生殖分株的生物量分配与异速生长[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2020, 48(6): 36-41.
	[Du Xiaoyan, Jiao Runan, Jiao Jian, et al. Biomass allocation and allometric growth of reproductive ramets of different ecotypes of Phragmites communis population in Hexi Corridor[J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 2020, 48(6): 36-41. ]
[16]	林文芳, 陈林姣, 朱学艺. 用分子标记技术分析不同生态型芦苇的遗传多样性[J]. 植物生理与分子生物学学报, 2007, 33(1): 77-84.
	[Lin Wenfang, Chen Linjiao, Zhu Xueyi. An analysis of genetic diversity of different ecotypes of reed (Phragmites communis Trin. ) by molecular marker techniques[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, 2007, 33(1): 77-84. ]
[17]	焦德志, 黄曌月, 周婵, 等. 扎龙湿地异质生境芦苇种群根茎动态及年龄结构[J]. 生态学杂志, 2016, 35(4): 888-895.
	[Jiao Dezhi, Huang Zhaoyue, Zhou Chan, et al. Rhizome dynamics and age structure of Phragmites australis population in heterogeneous habitats in Zhalong Wetland[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2016, 35(4): 888-895. ]
[18]	杨允菲, 张宝田, 田尚衣. 松嫩平原旱地生境芦苇种群不同龄级根茎的干物质贮藏及水溶糖含量[J]. 应用生态学报, 2008, 19(9): 1905-1910.
	[Yang Yunfei, Zhang Baotian, Tian Shangyi. Dry matter storage and water soluble sugar content in different age classes rhizomes of Phragmites communis population in dry land habitat of Songnen Plain of China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2008, 19(9): 1905-1910. ]
[19]	安静, 吴玲, 王海娟, 等. 不同干扰程度下沙生植物异翅独尾草的种群结构与动态特征[J]. 生态学报, 2017, 37(6): 2023-2032.
	[An Jing, Wu Ling, Wang Haijuan, et al. Structural and dynamic characteristics of Eremurus anisopterus populations in areas with different levels of disturbance[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(6): 2023-2032. ]
[20]	解婷婷, 苏培玺, 周紫鹃, 等. 荒漠绿洲过渡带沙拐枣种群结构及动态特征[J]. 生态学报, 2014, 34(15): 4272-4279.
	[Xie Tingting, Su Peixi, Zhou Zijuan, et al. Structure and dynamic characteristics of Calligonum mongolicum population in the desert-oasis ecotone[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(15): 4272-4279. ]
[21]	杨永菲, 祝廷成. 植物生态学[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2011: 139-143.
	[Yang Yongfei, Zhu Tingcheng. Plant Ecology[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2011: 139-143. ]
[22]	杨凤翔, 王顺庆, 徐海根, 等. 生存分析理论及其在研究生命表中的应用[J]. 生态学报, 1991, 11(2): 153-158.
	[Yang Fengxiang, Wang Shunqing, Xu Haigen, et al. Survival analysis theory and its application in the study of life table[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 1991, 11(2): 153-158. ]
[23]	Ripley B. Modelling spatial patterns[J]. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B, 1977, 39(2): 172-212.
[24]	张金屯. 植物种群空间分布的点格局分析[J]. 植物生态学报, 1998, 22(4): 3-5.
	[Zhang Jintun. Analysis of spatial point pattern for plant species[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 1998, 22(4): 3-5. ]
[25]	张金屯, 孟东平. 芦芽山华北落叶松林不同龄级立木的点格局分析[J]. 生态学报, 2004, 24(1): 35-40.
	[Zhang Jintun, Meng Dongping. Spatial pattern analysis of individuals in different age-classes of Larix principis-rupprechtii in Luya mountain reserve, Shanxi, China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2004, 24(1): 35-40. ]
[26]	李小东, 丁晖, 吴俊, 等. 黄山常绿阔叶林优势种甜槠的种群动态与点格局分析[J]. 西北植物学报, 2018, 38(11): 2110-2119.
	[Li Xiaodong, Ding Hui, Wu Jun, et al. Population dynamics and point pattern analysis of Castanopsis population dynamics and point pattern analysis of Castanopsis[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2018, 38(11): 2110-2119. ]
[27]	朱文霞, 张欣艳, 钱飞隆, 等. 快速测定盐碱土质含盐量的研究[J]. 黑龙江工业学院学报(综合版), 2019, 19(4): 84-88.
	[Zhu Wenxia, Zhang Xinyan, Qian Feilong, et al. Method for rapid determination of soluble salt content in saline soil[J]. Journal of Heilongjiang University of Technology(Comprehensive Edition), 2019, 19(4): 84-88. ]
[28]	骆东奇, 白洁, 谢德体. 论土壤肥力评价指标和方法[J]. 土壤与环境, 2002, 11(2): 202-205.
	[Luo Dongqi, Bai Jie, Xie Deti. Research on evaluation norm and method of soil fertility[J]. Soil and Environmental Sciences, 2002, 11(2): 202-205. ]
[29]	刘秀香, 杨允菲. 松嫩平原不同生境芦苇生殖分株的异速生长分析[J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(4): 313-318.
	[Liu Xiuxiang, Yang Yunfei. Allometry analysis of reproductive ramets of Phragmites australis populations from different habitats in the Songnen Plain of China[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(4): 313-318. ]
[30]	Ribeiro R V, Lyra G B, Santiago A V, et al. Diurnal and seasonal patterns of leaf gas exchange in bahiagrass growing in a subtropical climate[J]. Grass and Forage Science, 2006, 61(3): 293-303. doi: 10.1111/gfs.2006.61.issue-3
[31]	张爽, 郭成久, 苏芳莉, 等. 不同盐度水灌溉对芦苇生长的影响[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2008, 39(1): 65-68.
	[Zhang Shuang, Guo Chengjiu, Su Fangli, et al. Effect of salinity on the growth of reed[J]. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 2008, 39(1): 65-68. ]
[32]	赛迪古丽·哈西木, 海米提·依米提. 于田绿洲土壤pH值的空间异质性及其对芦苇生长的影响研究——以喀尔克乡为例[J]. 新疆师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 31(2): 9-15.
	[Saydigul Haxim, Hamid Yimit. Spatial variability of soil pH value and its effect on the growth of Phragmites australis in Keriya Oasis-Taking Karki village as an Example[J]. Journal of Xinjiang Normal University(Natural Sciences Edition), 2012, 31(2): 9-15. ]
[33]	Svensson J S, Jeglum J K. Structure and dynamics of an undisturbed old-growth Norway spruce forest on the rising Bothnian coastline[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2001, 151(1-3): 67-79. doi: 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00697-6
[34]	苏志豪, 李文军, 曹秋梅, 等. 新疆野苹果的种群年龄结构与数量动态[J]. 干旱区研究, 2019, 36(5): 1153-1160.
	[Su Zhihao, Li Wenjun, Cao Qiumei, et al. Age composition and quantitative dynamic status of Malus sieversii population[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(5): 1153-1160. ]
[35]	张苹, 吕昭智, 张鑫, 等. 新疆伊犁与哈萨克斯坦新疆野苹果〔Malus sieversii(Ledeb. ) Roem. 〕种群年龄结构[J]. 干旱区研究, 2019, 36(4): 844-853.
	[Zhang Ping, Lyu Zhaozhi, Zhang Xin, et al. Age structure of Malus sieversii population in Ili of Xinjiang and Kazakhstan[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(4): 844-853. ]
[36]	赵阳, 齐瑞, 焦健, 等. 尕海-则岔地区紫果云杉种群结构与动态特征[J]. 生态学报, 2018, 38(20): 7447-7457.
	[Zhao Yang, Qi Rui, Jiao Jian, et al. The population structure and dynamic characteristics of Picea purpurea at the Gahai-zecha area[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(20): 7447-7457. ]
[37]	Agren J, Zackrisson O. Age and size structure of Pinus sylvestris populations on mires in central and northern Sweden[J]. Journal of Ecology, 1990, 78(4): 1049-1062. doi: 10.2307/2260951
[38]	Dang H S, Jiang M X, Zhang Y J, et al. Dendroecological study of a subalpine fir (Abies fargesii) forest in the QinlingMountains[J]. China Plant Ecology, 2009, 201(1): 67-75.

生境类型	水分/%	盐分/%	pH	有机质/（g·kg^-1）
盐渍沙地	16.02±0.83a	2.13±0.33a	8.66±0.08a	0.73±0.02a
普通沙地	9.15±0.77b	0.70±0.06b	7.53±0.13b	0.69±0.03a

生境类型	株高/cm	基径/mm	花序长度/cm	分蘖数
盐渍沙地	63.33±18.06b	2.70 ±1.21b	14.30±7.65b	7.54 ±3.56a
普通沙地	115.12 ±47.4a	4.90 ±3.96a	21.88 ±4.23a	4.25 ±0.44b

生境类型	叶鞘生物量/g	叶生物量/g	茎生物量/g	花序生物量/g	地上部分生物量/g
盐渍沙地	1.43±0.17a	1.85±0.21b	3.96±0.06b	0.84±0.03b	6.2±3.11b
普通沙地	1.06±0.25a	2.46±0.44a	5.28±0.32a	1.37±0.25a	10.24±4.34a

生境	龄级	a_x	l_x	lnl_x	d_x	q_x	L_x	T_x	e_x	S_x	K_x
盐渍沙地	Ⅰ	103	1000	6.908	194	0.194	903	3121	3.121	0.806	0.032
	Ⅱ	83	806	6.692	39	0.048	786	2218	2.753	0.952	0.007
	Ⅲ	79	767	6.642	272	0.354	631	1432	1.867	0.646	0.068
	Ⅳ	51	495	6.205	78	0.157	456	801	1.618	0.843	0.028
	Ⅴ	43	417	6.034	282	0.674	277	345	0.826	0.326	0.206
	Ⅵ	14	136	4.912	136	-	68	68	0.500	-	-
普通沙地	Ⅰ	18	462	6.135	-282	-0.611	603	3718	8.056	1.611	-0.075
	Ⅱ	29	744	6.611	-154	-0.207	821	3115	4.190	1.207	-0.028
	Ⅲ	35	897	6.800	-103	-0.114	949	2295	2.557	1.114	-0.016
	Ⅳ	39	1000	6.908	410	0.410	795	1346	1.346	0.590	0.080
	Ⅴ	23	590	6.380	333	0.565	423	551	0.935	0.435	0.140
	Ⅵ	10	256	5.547	256	-	128	128	0.500	-	-