施肥对油莎豆根际微生物群落特性的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.06.26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以新疆沙区油莎豆为研究对象,探究不同施肥处理对油莎豆根际土壤微生物群落组成和多样性的影响,对于新疆沙区油莎豆的田间养分管理和地力提升具有重要意义。结果表明：施肥均显著提高了油莎豆根际土壤有机质（OM）、有效磷（AP）、碱解氮（AN）和速效钾（AK）含量（P<0.05）。油莎豆根际土壤细菌和真菌的多样性指数（Chao、Ace和Shannon指数）随施肥量的增加呈降低趋势;根际土壤优势细菌群落为放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）,真菌的优势菌群为子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota）。冗余分析表明：土壤pH和电导率（EC）与主要的优势细菌门呈显著相关关系,土壤含水率与主要的优势真菌群落显著相关。综上所述,施肥通过影响土壤理化性质而改变油莎豆根际的土壤微生物群落结构和多样性,随施肥量的增加根际土壤微生物多样性均出现降低。土壤pH和EC是影响土壤细菌群落变化的驱动因子,影响真菌群落变化的主要因子为土壤有机质和含水率。

关键词: 施肥, 沙区, 油莎豆, 根际土壤, 微生物群落, 新疆

Abstract:

The effects of different fertilization treatments on the microbial community composition and diversity in the rhizosphere soil of Cyperus esculentus should be explored to improve the nutrient content and manage the soil fertility of the Xinjiang sandy area. In this study, C. esculentus in the sandy area of Xinjiang was used as the research object. Results showed that fertilization significantly increased the soil available potassium, available phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzable-nitrogen, and soil organic matter content. Chao, Ace, and Shannon indices of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil of C. esculentus increased as fertilization rates decreased. The dominant bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil were Actinomycota, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexus, and the dominant fungal communities were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Fertilization affected the physical and chemical properties of the soil and consequently altered the soil microbial community structure and diversity in the rhizosphere of C. esculentus. Soil microbiome diversity decreased as fertilization rates increased. Redundancy analysis indicated that the main factors influencing the soil bacterial community were soil pH and electrical conductivity, and those affecting the change in the fungal communities were soil organic matter and moisture content.

Key words: fertilization, sandy aera, Cyperus esculentus, rhizosphere soil, microbial community, Xinjiang

徐接亮,张凤华,李变变,王家平,程志博. 施肥对油莎豆根际微生物群落特性的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(6): 1741-1749.

XU Jieliang,ZHANG Fenghua,LI Bianbian,WANG Jiaping,CHENG Zhibo. Effect of fertilization on the characteristics of soil microbial community in the rhizosphere of Cyperus esculentus in the sandy area of Xinjiang[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(6): 1741-1749.

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处理	速效钾AK /（mg·kg^-1）	有效磷AP /（mg·kg^-1）	碱解氮AN /（mg·kg^-1）	有机质OM /（g·kg^-1）	pH	电导率EC /（μS·cm^-1）	含水率WC/%
CK	35.78±1.20c	17.75±1.66c	9.10±0.70c	1.08±0.10b	9.45±0.12a	107.73±24.28a	7.22±0.42a
F₁	41.00±2.44b	23.50±0.97b	14.70±1.85b	1.24±0.09a	9.49±0.27a	109.00±31.10a	7.14±0.28a
F₂	43.79±2.80ab	25.62±0.63b	16.22±2.67b	1.32±0.20a	9.27±0.10b	118.23±34.28a	6.56±0.18a
F₃	47.54±3.21a	29.65±2.46a	19.83±1.07a	1.80±0.10a	9.14±0.03c	125.47±11.61a	6.48±0.73a

	多样性指数	CK	F₁	F₂	F₃
细菌	Shannon	1.87±0.05a	1.84±0.05a	1.82±0.04ab	1.74±0.05b
	Simpson	0.23±0.02a	0.24±0.01a	0.25±0.01a	0.25±0.01a
	Ace	38.86±2.47a	33.52±1.26b	31.67±0.88bc	29.63±0.74c
	Chao	35.00±1.00a	33.50±0.87ab	32.78±0.69b	29.28±0.86c
真菌	Shannon	3.23±0.21a	3.16±0.34ab	2.72±0.20bc	2.52±0.27c
	Simpson	0.08±0.02c	0.10±0.01bc	0.12±0.01ab	0.15±0.02a
	Ace	155.41±14.96a	143.71±30.10ab	123.27±12.00ab	111.31±16.46b
	Chao	154.86±18.43a	140.89±16.05ab	124.01±12.00ab	115.66±16.22b

		AK	AP	AN	OM	pH	EC	WC
细菌指数	Shannon	0.362	0.555	0.578^*	0.568	-0.544	0.139	-0.229
	Simpson	-0.684^*	-0.659^*	-0.700^*	-0.755^**	0.664^*	-0.134	0.087
	Ace	-0.818^**	-0.838^**	-0.874^**	-0.806^**	0.511	-0.173	0.501
	Chao	-0.786^**	-0.826^**	-0.800^**	-0.927^**	0.579^*	-0.434	0.472
真菌指数	Shannon	0.578^*	0.557	0.385	0.537	-0.407	0.330	0.165
	Simpson	-0.624^*	-0.618^*	-0.509	-0.634^*	0.646^*	-0.371	-0.051
	Ace	-0.259	-0.236	-0.300	-0.305	0.373	-0.285	0.103
	Chao	-0.270	-0.232	-0.289	-0.360	0.370	-0.400	0.097