东祁连山河谷高寒草地植被群落特征及其与土壤性状的关系

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2020.02.12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究东祁连山河谷高寒草地植被群落特征与土壤性状的关系，根据研究区河谷地形地貌及河谷高寒草地分布特征，选取了分布在河谷山地阳坡上部和下部、河谷山地阴坡上部和下部及河谷水平阶地的5类不同植被类型的高寒草地为研究对象。研究草地植被群落和土壤性状特征及相关关系。结果表明：河谷中不同坡向、坡位高寒草地植被群落优势种不同，河谷阳坡高寒草地以嵩草属植物为主，阴坡以蓼属植物为主；阴坡植被总盖度高，阳坡低；河谷阴坡下部草层高度最高，而水平阶地最小；植被群落总科数、总属数和总种数均表现为坡下部高于上部，阴坡高于阳坡；地上生物量依次为：阴坡下部>阳坡上部>阴坡上部>阳坡下部>水平阶地；0～60 cm土层地下生物量依次为：阴坡下部>阳坡下部>阴坡上部>水平阶地>阳坡上部。不同高寒草地土壤性状之间有显著差异（P<0.05）。相关分析表明，土壤含水量、容重、孔隙度和全氮等指标与植被总盖度、地上生物量、总科数、草地平均高度有显著的相关关系。可见，研究区河谷高寒草地植被与土壤之间的影响主要表现为土壤含水量、容重、孔隙度和全氮与植被总盖度、地上生物量、总科数、草地平均高度间的相互作用。

关键词: 高寒草地, 植被群落, 土壤性状, 相关关系, 祁连山

Abstract: This study explored the relationship between the characteristics of the grassland and soil conditions in the Eastern Qilian Mountains.We selected grass and soil from five areas of the mountain valley:the upper shady slope，lower shady slope，upper sunny slope，lower sunny slope and level terraces.Results showed that each site harbored different dominating species;the sunny slope was dominated by Kobresia sedges and the shady slope was dominated by the Polygonaceae flowering plants.Total vegetation coverage was greatest on the sunny slope weakest on the shady slope;grassland height was tallest on the lower shady slope and shortest on the horizontal terrace;the number of genera and species on the lower shady slopes were higher than those on the upper sunny slopes.The biomass above the ground,from greatest to least,was as follows:bottom shady slope>upper sunny slope>upper shady slope>bottom sunny slope>horizontal terraces.Through an examination of 60 cm deep soil,the underground biomass was found to be:bottom shady slope>bottom sunny slope>upper shady slope>horizontal terraces>upper sunny slope.Both the biomass and soil conditions at each site significantly differed (P<0.05).There were significant correlations and interactions between characteristics of the soil (i.e.,moisture content,bulk density,porosity,and total nitrogen content) and the grassland (i.e.,total vegetation coverage,biomass above the ground,grassland heights,and number of genera and species present).Therefore,these results indicated that aboveground soil characteristics were key factors that affected the quality of the grassland.

Key words: alpine grassland, vegetation community, soil characteristics, correlational relationship, Qilian mountains

马瑞, 赵锦梅. 东祁连山河谷高寒草地植被群落特征及其与土壤性状的关系[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020, 37(2): 374-381.

Relationship between the grassland and soil conditions in the Eastern Qilian Mountains. Relationship between the grassland and soil conditions in the Eastern Qilian Mountains[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020, 37(2): 374-381.

参考文献

［1］于顺利,马克平,徐存宝,等.环境梯度下蒙古栎群落的物种多样性特征［J］.生态学报,2004,24(12):2932-2939.［Yu Shunli,Ma Keping,Xu Cunbao,et al.The species diversity characteristics comparison of Quercus mongolica community along environmental gradient factors［J］.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(12):2932-2939.］
［2］范永刚,胡玉昆,李凯辉,等.〖JP2〗不同干扰对高寒草原群落物种多样性和生物量的影响［J］.干旱区研究,2008,25(4):531-536.［Fan Yonggang,Hu Yukun,Li Kaihui,et al.Effects of different disturbances on the diversity and biomass of the phytobiocoenoses in Apline Steppes［J］.Arid Zone Research,2008,25(4):531-536.
［3］Rajaniemi T K.Explaining productivitydiversity relationships in plants［J］.Oikos,2003,101(3):449-457.
［4］杨阳,刘秉儒.宁夏荒漠草原不同群落生物多样性与生物量关系及影响因子分析［J］.草业学报,2015,24(10):48-57.［Yang Yang,Liu Binru.Impact factors and relationships between biodiversity and biomass of different communities in the desert steppe of Ningxia，China［J］.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(10):48-57.］
［5］Gong X,Brueck H,Giese K M,et al .Slope aspect has effects on productivity and species composition of hilly grassland in the Xilin River Basin,Inner Mongolia,China［J］.Journal of Arid Environments,2008,72(4):483-493.
［6］山丹,朱媛君,王百竹,等.呼伦贝尔沙地北部沙带植物群落分布格局与土壤特性的关系［J］.中国沙漠,2020,40(1):14555．［Shan Dan,Zhu Yuanjun,Wang Baizhu,et al.Relationship between plant community distribution pattern and soil characteristics in Northern sand belt of Hulunbuir Sandland［J］.Journal of desert research,2020,40(1):14555.］
［7］陈海存,李晓东,李凤霞,等.黄河源玛多县退化草地土壤温湿度变化特征［J］.干旱区研究,2013,30(1):35-40.［Chen Haicun,Li Xiaodong,Li Fengxia,et al.Change of soil temperature and soil moisture content in typical degenerated steppe in Maduo County in the Headstream Region of the Yellow River［J］.Arid Zone Research,2013,30(1):35-40.］
［8］柳妍妍,胡玉昆,王鑫,等.天山南坡中段高寒草地物种多样性与生物量的垂直分异特征［J］.生态学报,2013,32(2):311-318.［Liu Yanyan,Hu Yukun,Wang Xin,et al.Vertical differentiation of plant species diversity and biomass in alpine grassland in the middle section of Tianshan Mountains southern slope,Xinjiang of Northwest China［J］.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,32(2):311-318.］
［9］杨瑞红,王新军.伊犁河谷山地北坡土壤特性及植被群落多样性垂直分布格局［J］.水土保持研究,2016,23(6):32-39,44.［Yang Ruihong,Wang Xinjun.Vertical distribution of vegetation patterns and soil properties at the Northern slope of Ili River Valley［J］.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(6):32-39,44.］
［10］孙宗玖,安沙舟,段姣姣.围栏封育对新疆蒿类荒漠草地植被及土壤养分的影响［J］.干旱区研究,2009,26(6):877-882.［Sun Zongjiu,An Shazhou,Duan Jiaojiao.Effect of enclosure on vegetation and soil nutrient of sagebrush desert grassland in Xinjiang［J］.Arid Zone Research,2009,26(6):877-882.］
［11］徐明,张健,刘国彬,等.不同植被恢复模式沟谷地植被-土壤系统耦合关系评价［J］.自然资源学报,2016,31(12):2137-2146.［Xu Ming,Zhang Jian,Liu Guobing,et al.Analysis on vegetationsoil coupling relationship in gullies with different vegetation restoration patterns［J］.Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(12):2137-2146.］
［12］刘晓丽,刘艺杉,孙立强,等.松嫩中部草地退化对植被和土壤特性的影响［J］.草业科学,2018,35(10):2347-2353.［Liu Xiaoli,Liu Yishan,Sun Liqiang,et al .Effect of grassland degradation on vegetation and soil properties in the middle of the Songnen Plain［J］.Pratacultural Science,2018,35(10):2347-2353.］
［13］赵锦梅,赵晶忠,耿妍,等.祁连山东段不同高寒灌丛草地土壤性状特征变化［J］.草地学报,2014,22(5):991-997.［Zhao Jinmei,Zhao Jingzhong,Geng Yan,et al.Characteristics of soil properties of different alpine shrub grasslands in eastern Qilian Mountains［J］.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2014,22(5):991-997.］
［14］王国宏,任继周,张自和.河西山地绿洲荒漠植物群落种群多样性研究Ⅰ.生态地理及植物群落的基本特征［J］.草业学报,2001,10(1):12.［Wang Guohong,Ren Jizhou,Zhang Zihe.A study on the population diversity of plant community in Hexi mountainoasisdesert areaⅠGeneral features［J］.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2001,10(1):12.］
［15］牛钰杰,周建伟,杨思维,等.坡向和海拔对高寒草甸山体土壤水热和植物分布格局的定量分解［J］.应用生态学报，2017,28(5):1489497.［Niu Yujie,Zhou Jianwei,Yang Siwei,et al.Quantitative apportionment of hill aspect and altitude to soil moisture and temperature and plant distribution on alpine meadow［J］.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(5):1489497.］
［16］白晓,张兰慧,王一博,等.祁连山区不同土地覆被类型下土壤水分变异特征［J］.水土保持研究,2017,24(2):17-25.［ Bai Xiao,Zhang Lanhui,Wang Yibo,et al.Variations of soil moisture under different land use and land cover types in the Qilian Mountain,China［J］.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(2):17-25.］
［17］杜峰,梁宗锁,徐学选,等.陕北黄土丘陵区撂荒草地群落生物量及植被土壤养分效应［J］.生态学报,2007，27(5):1674683.［Du Feng,Liang Zongsuo,Xu Xuexuan,et al.The community biomass of abandoned farmland and its effects on soil nutrition in the Loess Hilly Region of Northern Shaanxi,China［J］.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(5):1674683.］
［18］张钦弟,卫伟,陈利顶,等.黄土高原草地土壤水分和物种多样性沿降水梯度的分布格局［J］.自然资源学报,2018,33(8):1351- 1362.［ Zhang Qindi,Wei Wei,Chen Liding,et al.Spatial variation of soil moisture and species diversity patternsalong a precipitation gradient in the grasslands of the loess plateau［J］.Journal of Natural Resources,2018,33(8):1351362.］
［19］汝海丽,张海东,焦峰,等.黄土丘陵区微地形对草地植物群落结构组成和功能特征的影响［J］.应用生态学报,2016,27(1):25-32.［Ru Haili,Zhang Haidong,Jiao Feng,et al.Impact of microlandform on grassland plant community structure and function in the hilly Loess Plateau region,China［J］.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(1):25-32.］
［20］王兴,宋乃平,杨新国,等.荒漠草原植物多样性分布格局对微地形尺度环境变化的响应［J］.水土保持学报,2016,30(4):274-328.［Wang Xing,Song Naiping,Yang Xinguo,et al.The response of spatial pattern of plant diversity to environmental factors in the scale of microlandform in desert steppe［J］.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,30(4):274-328.］
［21］戴丽,罗格平,许文强,等.天山北坡三工河流域高山林线植被与土壤的关系［J］.干旱区研究,2016,33(4):780-788.［Dai Li,Luo Geping,Xu Wenqiang,et al.Relationship between alpine timberline vegetation and soil in the Sangong River basin on northern slope of the Tianshan Mountaions［J］.Arid Zone Research,2016,33(4):780-788.］
［22］董云龙,张德罡,陈建刚,等.东祁连山高寒草地不同生境条件下植物群落结构特征及多样性比较——以甘肃省天祝抓喜秀龙乡为例［J］.草地学报,2014,22(3):481-487.［Dong Yunlong,Zhang Degang,Chen Jiangang,et al.Comparison of community structure and biodiversity of alpine meadow at different habitats in Eastern Qilian Mountains:A case study in Zhuaxixiulong township of Tianzhu County,Gansu Province［J］.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2014,22(3):481-487.］
［23］杨士梭,温仲明,苗连朋,等.黄土丘陵区植物功能性状对微地形变化的响应［J］.应用生态学报,2014,25(12):3413-3419.［Yang Shisuo,Wen Zhongming,Miao Lianpeng,et al.Responses of plant functional traits to microtopographical changes in hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau,China［J］.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(12):3413-3419.］
［24］董世魁,汤琳,张相锋,等.高寒草地植物物种多样性与功能多样性的关系［J］.生态学报,2017,37(5):1472483.［Dong Shikui,Tang Lin,Zhang Xiangfeng,et al.Relationship between plant species diversity and functional diversity in alpine grasslands［J］.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(5):1472483.］
［25］温璐,董世魁,朱磊,等.环境因子和干扰强度对高寒草甸植物多样性空间分异的影响［J］.生态学报,2011,31(7):1844854.［Wen Lu,Dong Shikui,Zhu Lei,et al.The effect of natural factors and disturbance intensity on spacial heterogeneity of plant diversity in alpine meadow［J］.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(7):1844854.］
［26］贾文雄,刘亚荣,张禹舜,等.祁连山草甸草原物种多样性和生物量与气候要素的关系［J］.干旱区研究,2015,32(6):1167172.［Jia Wenxiong,Liu Yarong,Zhang Yushun,et al.Species diversity and biomass of meadow steppe in Qilian Mountains and their relationships with climate factors［J］.Arid Zone Research,2015,32(6):1167172.］
［27］白可喻,戎郁萍,杨云卉,等.北方农牧交错带草地生物多样性与草地生产力和土壤状况的关系［J］.生态学杂志,2013,32(1):22-26.［Bai Keyu,Rong Yuping,Yang Yunhui,et al.Relationships between grassland biodiversity and primary productivity and soil condition in farmingpastoral regions of northern China［J］.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2013,32(1):22-26.］
［28］汝海丽,张海东,焦峰,等.黄土丘陵区微地形对草本群落特征与土壤水分及养分关系分析［J］.草地学报,2016,24(4):776-782.［Ru Haili,Zhang Haidong,Jiao Feng,et al.Relation analysis of herbaceous community characteristics and soil moisture and nutrients on microscale topography typical section in hilly loess plateau region,China［J］.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2016,24(4):776-782.］

[1]	邱巡巡, 曹广超, 张进虎, 张卓, 刘梦琳. 祁连山南坡青海云杉林碳密度随海拔分布特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(4): 615-622.
[2]	雷馨, 海新权. 祁连山地区土地利用变化对碳储量的影响及经济价值估算[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(11): 1845-1854.
[3]	张文煜,任婧,付丹红,孔令彬,田硕. 祁连山一次降水过程云模式模拟参数的选择及微物理结构特征分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(6): 1717-1727.
[4]	愚广灵,李凯辉,周建勤,李可依,丛孟菲,胡洋,王旭阳,贾宏涛. 长期围封对高寒草地土壤团聚体稳定性和可蚀性的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(6): 1842-1851.
[5]	把黎,尹宪志,庞朝云,程鹏,刘维成,王研峰. 祁连山地区夏季南坡与北坡空中云水资源差异性分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(5): 1345-1359.
[6]	杜梦寅,袁建钰,李广,闫丽娟,刘兴宇,祁小平,庞晔. 保护性耕作对黄土高原半干旱区农田土壤N₂O排放的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(2): 493-501.
[7]	王让会,赵文斐,彭擎,刘春伟,周丽敏,田畅. 气候变化及景观格局与生态系统碳储存的耦合关系——以祁连山为例[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(1): 250-257.
[8]	王利辉,秦翔,陈记祖,张东伟,刘宇硕,李延召,晋子振. 1961—2013年祁连山区冰川年物质平衡重建[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(6): 1524-1533.
[9]	付双喜,张洪芬,杨丽杰,赵玉娟,张可心,陈祺. 地形影响下祁连山北麓不同类型降水特征对比分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(5): 1226-1234.
[10]	刁二龙,曹广超,曹生奎,袁杰,虞敏,陈真,张卓,童珊,赵美亮. 祁连山南坡不同土地利用方式下土壤碳氮含量及通径分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(5): 1346-1354.
[11]	张玉欣,韩辉邦,郭世钰,田建兵,唐文婷. 祁连山南麓夏季不同降水云系雨滴谱特征及其Z-R关系[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(4): 1048-1057.
[12]	申紫雁,刘昌义,胡夏嵩,周林虎,许桐,李希来,李国荣. 黄河源区高寒草地不同深度土壤理化性质与抗剪强度关系研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(2): 392-401.
[13]	何洪盛,田青,王理德,孟存宏,何芳兰,郭春秀,吴昊. 青土湖退耕地植被群落特征与土壤理化性质分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(1): 223-232.
[14]	宗宁, 石培礼, 孙建. 高寒草地沙化过程植被与土壤特征变化的生态阈值估算[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020, 37(6): 1580-1589.
[15]	吴芹芹, 莫淑红, 程圣东, 李鹏, 李占斌. 黄土区冻融期不同土地利用土壤水分与温度的关系[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020, 37(3): 627-.