干旱区无覆膜滴灌冬小麦土壤盐分时空演化特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2019.03.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究无覆膜滴灌技术在新疆干旱地区密植作物冬小麦上应用的可持续性,以奇台县小麦农田为研究对象,开展了田间连续性定位监测试验。通过采集滴灌带中心到两侧0~80 cm不同深度段土壤样品,利用地统计学分析方法,研究在应用滴灌技术8 a间,小麦地块土壤盐分的运移规律。结果表明:① 各土层土壤盐分符合对数正态分布,随滴灌年限增加,0~80 cm土层盐分含量逐渐降低。在应用滴灌技术8 a后,根区0~20 cm土层脱盐效果较为明显;在应用滴灌技术6 a后,表层0~60 cm的洗盐效果显著,盐分被淋洗至60 cm以下一定区域并积累。 ② 随着滴灌年限增加,盐分由滴灌中心向两侧及深部土层迁移,应用滴灌技术8 a后,盐分逐渐向滴头下方60 cm以下、距滴头水平距离40 cm以外区域集聚。③ 随着滴灌年限的增加,小麦的产量逐渐上升。建议在目前的灌溉制度下,增加滴灌频率并减少单次灌水量。该研究可为规模化推广小麦无覆膜滴灌技术提供一定的理论支持。

关键词: 冬小麦, 无覆膜, 滴灌年限, 土壤盐分, 干旱地区, 奇台, 新疆

Abstract: In order to explore the sustainability of drip irrigation for winter wheat planting in arid area,a long-term located experiment was carried out in Qitai County,Xinjiang.Soil samples were collected along a soil profile with different soil depths of 0-80 cm from outward the central area of drip irrigation.Based on the geostatistical analysis,a winter wheat field where drip irrigation had been used for 8 years was selected for researching the distribution of soil salt.The research results showed that:① Soil salinity was in a logarithm normal distribution.The soil salt content was decreased gradually in 0-80 cm soil layer with increasing the years of drip irrigation.After 8 years of drip irrigation,the soil desalinization was obvious in the 0-20 cm rhizosphere.After 6 years of drip irrigation,the soil desalinization was obvious in the 0-60 cm soil layer,and a salt accumulation occurred under this layer;② With increasing the years of drip irrigation,soil salt migrated down to deep soil layer and outward from the central area of drip irrigation;③ With increasing the years of drip irrigation,wheat yield was gradually increased.It was suggested to increase the frequency but decrease the volume of drip irrigation under the current irrigation system.The study results could provide further support for popularizing drip irrigation of winter wheat without mulching.

Key words: winter wheat, without mulch, drip irrigation, soil salinity, arid area, Qitai, Xinjiang

李源, 耿庆龙, 赖宁, 李青军, 陈署晃. 干旱区无覆膜滴灌冬小麦土壤盐分时空演化特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2019, 36(3): 582-588.

LI Yuan, GEN Qin-long, LAI Ning, LI Qing-jun, CHEN Shu-huang. Spatiotemporal Revolution of Soil Salinity in Winter Wheat Fields with Different Years of Drip Irrigation Without Mulching in Arid Area[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(3): 582-588.

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