近30 a黑河流域中游临泽县地下水变化趋势

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于黑河流域中游临泽县1984—2010年地下水埋深的监测资料,结合GS⁺、ArcGIS软件和地统计方法,对1986、1991、1996、2001、2006年和2010年的地下水埋深分别进行了半变异函数分析、理论模型选取以及空间插值分析。结果表明:受地形和土地利用变化等因素的影响,临泽县各灌区地下水埋深整体上呈逐年下降趋势。从不同的景观带来看,戈壁荒漠、河岸湿地地下水埋深年内波动很小,绿洲内部农田生态系统、绿洲边缘和绿洲-荒漠过渡带地下水埋深年内基本呈双峰型波动,两个峰值分别出现在5月和12月。地下水埋深的理论模型是指数模型,其空间变异主要是由气候、地形、地质等结构性因素引起的,且埋深变化没有显著的区域分异。地下水埋深空间分布特征为南北深,中间浅;小于4 m的区域1986—2010年面积减少了337.01 km²,占全县的12.58%,缩小趋势明显;而大于6 m的区域逐渐扩大到了全县面积的近2/3。

关键词: 地下水埋深, 地统计学, 景观带, 时空变异, 临泽, 黑河流域

Abstract: In this study, the semi-variant function analysis, model selection and spatial interpolation analysis on groundwater depth in the years of 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006 and 2010 were carried out based on the monitoring data of groundwater depth in Linze County in middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin during the period of 1984-2010, GS⁺, ArcGIS and geostatistics. The results showed that the groundwater depth in all the irrigated areas in Linze County was holistically in a drawdown under the effects of topographic conditions and land use change. Monthly fluctuation of groundwater depth was very low in the Gobi deserts and riparian wetlands, its curve was bimodal in oasis cropland ecosystem, oasis marginal zone and oasis-desert ecotone, and the two peaks occurred in May and December. The theoretical model of groundwater depth is an exponential model. Spatial change of groundwater depth was mainly caused by the structural factors, such as climate change, terrain and geology conditions. There was no significant regional difference of groundwater depth change. Groundwater depth was deep in the south and north areas but shallow in the central area. Area of the regions where groundwater depth was shallower than 4 m was reduced by 337.01 km² and accounted for 12.58% of the total area in the county; however, the proportion of area of the regions where groundwater depth was deeper than 6 m was expanded by 66.7%.

Key words: groundwater depth, geostatistics, landscape zone, spatiotemporal variation, Linze County, Heihe River Basin

王金凤, 常学向. 近30 a黑河流域中游临泽县地下水变化趋势[J]. 干旱区研究, 2013, 30(4): 594-602.

WANG Jin-feng, CHANG Xue-xiang. Change Trend of Groundwater Depth in Linze County in Middle Reaches of the Heihe River Basin in Recent 30 Years[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2013, 30(4): 594-602.

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