近年来祁连山中段冰川变化

干旱区研究 ›› 2013, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 588-593.

近年来祁连山中段冰川变化

陈辉^1,2, 李忠勤^1,2, 王璞玉², 周平², 金爽²

1.西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州 730070;
2.中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室/天山冰川站,甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2012-08-09 修回日期:2012-09-14 发布日期:2013-07-29
作者简介:陈辉(1980-),女,博士研究生,主要从事冰川变化及其对水资源影响研究. E-mail: chenhui@lzb.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(41121001);实验室自主项目(SKLCS-ZZ-2012-01-01);国家自然科学基金项目(91025012, 41001040,41101066)

Change of Glaciers in the Central Qilian Mountain

CHEN Hui^1,2, LI Zhong-qin^1,2, WANG Pu-yu², ZHOU Ping², JIN Shuang²

1. College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences &Tianshan Glaciological Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China

Received:2012-08-09 Revised:2012-09-14 Online:2013-07-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于遥感和实测的方法,对近50 a来祁连山中段,包括黑河流域和北大河流域的冰川变化特征进行了分析。研究表明:1956—2003年,祁连山中段所研究的910条冰川面积共缩小了21.7%。其中,黑河流域冰川面积缩小了29.6%,北大河流域冰川面积缩小了18.7%。小冰川面积变化较大冰川要大,其对气候变化的敏感性较强。由于祁连山中段东西跨度较大,气候和地形等因素的不同,直接造成了冰川变化的区域差异。近期野外考察发现,位于黑河上游的葫芦沟流域,1956—2010年冰川面积缩小了30.1%,近7 a冰川面积缩小的比率达到前期的近5倍,且其中的十一冰川由于消融严重,已经完全分离成2条独立的冰川。雪冰融水径流是该流域中重要的水源,在稳定河川径流、调节其年际变化和年内分配方面发挥着重要作用。

关键词: 遥感方法, 实测方法, 冰川面积, 葫芦沟流域, 祁连山中段

Abstract: Change of glaciers in the central Qilian Mountain in recent 50 years, including the Heihe River Basin and the Beidahe River Basin, was analyzed based on the remote sensing data and field survey. Results indicated that the total area of 910 glaciers investigated was reduced by 21.7% with a reduction rate of 0.002 km²·a^-1 during the period from 1956 to 2003, in which the total area of glaciers was reduced by 29.6% in the Heihe River Basin and 18.7% in the Beidahe River Basin. Reduction rate of the small glaciers was generally higher than that of the large ones, indicating that the small glaciers were more sensitive to climate change than the large ones. There was a regional difference in area change of glaciers due to the different geographical locations of the glaciers, local climate conditions and topographic factors in the central Qilian Mountain. Recent field survey revealed that the total area of glaciers in the Hulugou River Basin located in upper reaches of the Heihe River was reduced by 30.1% during the period from 1956 to 2010, and the reduction of glacier area in recent 7 years was 5 times of that in previous years. Shiyi Glacier located in this region was separated into two independent glaciers due to the serious ablation. Glacier melt runoff is the vital water source and plays an important role in stabilizing stream flow and regulating annual variation and distribution.

Key words: remote sensing, field survey, glacier area, Hulugou River Basin, central Qilian Mountain

陈辉, 李忠勤, 王璞玉, 周平, 金爽. 近年来祁连山中段冰川变化[J]. 干旱区研究, 2013, 30(4): 588-593.

CHEN Hui, LI Zhong-qin, WANG Pu-yu, ZHOU Ping, JIN Shuang. Change of Glaciers in the Central Qilian Mountain[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2013, 30(4): 588-593.

参考文献

[1] 中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所.中国冰川目录Ⅰ.祁连山区[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1980.
[Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Glacier Inventory of ChinaⅠ.Qilian Mountains[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1980.]
[2] 中国科学院高山冰雪利用研究队.祁连山冰川考察报告[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1958.
[Investigation Team on Utilization of Snow and Ice Resources in Mountain Regions,Academia Sinica.Investigations Report of Glaciers in the Qilian Mountains[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1958.]
[3] 中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所.中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所集刊第7号:祁连山冰川、气候及径流变化监测与寒区水文研究专辑[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1992:1-147.
[Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Memoirs of Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology,Chinese Academy of Sciences No.7:The monitoring of Glacier,Climate,Runoff Changes and the Research of Cold Region Hydrology in Qilian Mountains[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1992:1-147.]
[4] 中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所.中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所集刊第5号:祁连山冰川变化及利用[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1985:1-185.
[Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Memoirs of Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology,Chinese Academy of Sciences No.5:Glacier Variations and Utilizations in Qilian Mountains[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1985:1-185.]
[5] Sakai A,Matsuda Y,Fujita K,et al.Hydrological observations at July 1st Glacier in northwest China from 2002 to 2004[J]. Bulletin of Glaciological Research,2006,23:33-39.
[6] 王璞玉,李忠勤,高闻宇,等.气候变化背景下近 50 年来黑河流域冰川资源变化特征分析[J]. 资源科学,2011,33(3):399-407.
[Wang Puyu,Li Zhongqin,Gao Wenyu,et al.Glacier changes in the Heihe River Basin over the past 50 years in the context of climate change[J]. Resources Science,2011,33(3):399-407.]
[7] 阳勇,陈仁升,吉喜斌.近几十年来黑河野牛沟流域的冰川变化[J]. 冰川冻土,2007,29(1):100-106.
[Yang Yong,Chen Rensheng,Ji Xibin.Variations of glaciers in the Yeniugou watershed of Heihe River Basin from 1956 to 2003[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2007,29(1):100-106.]
[8] 颜东海,李忠勤,高闻宇,等.祁连山北大河流域冰川变化遥感监测[J]. 干旱区研究,2012,29(2):245-250.
[Yan Donghai,Li Zhongqin,Gao Wenyu,et al.RS-based monitoring of glacier change in the Beidahe River Basin in the Qilian Mountains[J]. Arid Zone Research,2012,29(2):245-250.]
[9] 蒲健辰,姚檀栋,段克勤,等.祁连山七一冰川物质平衡的最新观测结果[J]. 冰川冻土,2005,27(2):199-204.
[Pu Jianchen,Yao Tandong,Duan Keqin,et al.Mass balance of the Qiyi Glacier in the Qilian Mountains:A new observation[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2005,27(2):199-204.]
[10] 宋高举,王宁练,陈亮,等.祁连山近期七一冰川融水径流特征分析[J]. 冰川冻土,2008,30(2):321-328.
[Song Gaoju,Wang Ninglian,Chen Liang,et al.Analysis of the recent features of the meltwater runoff from the Qiyi Glacier,Qilian Mountains[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2008,30(2):321-328.]
[11] Toutin T.DEM from stereo landsat 7 ETM⁺ data over high relief areas[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing,2002,23(10):2 133-2 139.
[12] Kääb A.Mountain Glaciers and Permafrost Creep.Methodical Research Perspectives from Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Technologies[D]. Zurich:University of Zurich,2004:205.
[13] Raup B,Racoviteanu A,Jodha S,et al.The GLIMS geospatial glacier database:A new tool for studying glacier change[J]. Global and Planetary Change,2007,56(1/2):101-110.
[14] Paul F,Kääb A,Maisch M,et al.The new remote-sensing-derived swiss glacier inventory:I.Methods[J]. Annals of Glaciology,2002,34:355-361.
[15] 白金中,李忠勤,张明军,等.1959-2008年新疆阿尔泰山友谊峰地区冰川变化特征[J]. 干旱区地理,2012,35(1):116-124.
[Bai Jinzhong,Li Zhongqin,Zhang Mingjun,et al.Glacier changes in Youyi Area in the Altay Mountains of Xinjiang during 1959-2008[J]. Arid Land Geography,2012,35(1):116-124.]
[16] 高闻宇,李忠勤,李开明,等.基于遥感与GIS的库克苏河流域冰川变化研究[J]. 干旱区地理,2011,34(2):252-261.
[Gao Wenyu,Li Zhongqin,Li Kaiming,et al.Glacier variation in the Kukesu River Basin during 1963-2004[J]. Arid Land Geography,2011,34(2):252-261.]
[17] 宋波,何元庆,庞洪喜,等.基于遥感和GIS的我国季风海洋型冰川区冰碛物覆盖型冰川边界的自动识别[J]. 冰川冻土,2007,29(3):456-462.
[Song Bo,He Yuanqing,Pang Hongxi,et al.Identifying antomatically the debris-covered glaciers in China’s monsoonal temperate-glacier regions based on remote sensing and GIS[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2007,29(3):456-462.]
[18] Hall D K,Bayr K,Schfner W,et al.Consideration of the errors inherent in mapping historical glacier positions in Austria from ground and space (1893-2001)[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment,2003,86:566-577.
[19] Silverio W,Jaquet J M.Glacial cover mapping (1987-1996) of the Cordillera Blanca (Peru) using satellite imagery[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment,2005,95(3):342-350.
[20] Ye Q H,Kang S C,Chen F,et al.Monitoring glacier variation on Geladandong mountain,central Tibetan Plateau,from 1969 to 2002 using remote sensing and GIS technologies[J]. Journal of Glaciology,2006,52:537-545.
[21] Evans I S.Local aspect asymmetry of Mountain Glaciation:A global survey of consistency of favoured directions for glacier numbers and altitudes[J]. Geomorphology,2006,73(1/2):166-184.
[22] 蓝永超,丁永建,康尔泗.近50年来黑河山区汇流区温度及降水变化趋势[J]. 高原气象,2004,23(5):723-727.
[Lan Yongchao,Ding Yongjian,Kang Ersi.Variations and trends of temperature and precipitation in the mountain drainage basin of the Heihe River in recent 50 years[J]. Plateau Meteorology,2004,23(5):723-727.]
[23] 杨针娘.中国冰川水资源[M]. 兰州:甘肃科学技术出版社,1991.
[Yang Zhenniang.Glacier Water Resources in China[M]. Lanzhou:Gansu Science and Technology Press,1991.]
[24] 贺建桥,宋高举,蒋熹,等.2006年黑河水系典型流域冰川融水径流与出山径流的关系[J]. 中国沙漠,2008,28(6):1 186-1 189.
[He Jianqiao,Song Gaoju,Jiang Xi,et al.Relation between glacial meltwater runoff and mountainous runoff in 2006 in four typical river basins of Heihe River water system[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2008,28(6):1 186-1 189.]