干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2013, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 378-384.

• 遥感与环境演化 • 上一篇    

1960—2009年中国天山现代冰川末端变化特征

李珊珊1，张明军1,2，李忠勤1,2，李慧林2 ，骆书飞1   

  1. 1.西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院，甘肃 兰州730070； 2.中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所，冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室/天山冰川站，甘肃 兰州730000
  • 收稿日期:2012-03-29 修回日期:2012-05-15 出版日期:2013-03-15 发布日期:2013-03-29
  • 通讯作者: 张明军.E-mail: mjzhang2004@163.com
  • 作者简介:李珊珊（1987-），女，硕士生，主要从事全球环境变化方面的研究. E-mail: ccxxzzss1115@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目（41161012）；教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划（NCET-10-0019）；国家重点基础研究发展计划（973）项目（2010CB951003）；甘肃省高等学校基本科研业务费

Variation of Glacier Terminuses in the Tianshan Mountains, China，during the Period of 1960-2009

LI Shan-shan1 ,ZHANG Ming-jun1,2 ,LI Zhong-qin1，2 ,LI Hui-lin2 ,LUO Shu-fei1   

  1. 1. College of Geography and Environment Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences & Tianshan Glaciological Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental  and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu,China
  • Received:2012-03-29 Revised:2012-05-15 Online:2013-03-15 Published:2013-03-29

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摘要： 基于冰川定位观测、野外考察、航空摄影、遥感影像和地形图分析方法，研究了1960—2009年中国天山8条冰川末端变化特征。结果表明：1960—2009年，在天山地区气温与降水呈上升趋势的背景下，8条冰川均处于退缩状态，退缩速率由西向东逐渐减缓，其变化幅度因气候环境、地理位置、冰川规模和冰川形态等的不同而存在明显的区域性与阶段性差异。其中，乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川1962—1973年冰川末端退缩速率为5.96 m•a-1，1973—1980年为3.28 m•a-1，1980—1993年为3.93 m•a-1，在1993年完全分离成东、西两支独立的冰川；博格达峰四工河4号冰川末端1962—1981年退缩速率为6 m•a-1，1981—2006年为8.9 m•a-1，2006—2009年为13.3 m•a-1。表碛覆盖的青冰滩72号冰川和74号冰川末端1964—2009年退缩速率分别为41 m•a-1和30 m•a-1，远较无表碛覆盖的庙儿沟平顶冰川退缩迅速（1972—2007年冰川末端退缩速率为2.32 m•a-1）。表面特征（表碛）亦是造成冰川变化差异的一个主要原因。

关键词: 冰川变化, 冰川末端, 气候变化, 表碛覆盖, 天山, 中国

Abstract: The terminus variation of eight glaciers in the Tianshan Mountains, China,during the period of 1960-2009 was studied based on the located observation, field survey, aerial photography, remote sensing and topography analysis. Results showed that the eight glaciers kept retreat during the period of 1960-2009 under the background of the increase of both temperature and precipitation in the Tianshan Mountains, China, and the retreat rate reduced gradually from west to east. There were the regional and periodical changes of the glacier terminuses owing to climate change and the differences of geographical locations and glacier scales and types. Thereinto, the retreating rate of Glacier No.1 at headwaters of the Urumqi River was 5.96 m•a-1 during the period of 1962-1973, it was decreased to 3.28 m•a-1 during the period of 1973-1980, increased slightly (3.93 m•a-1) during the period of 1980-1993, and the glacier was divided into two independent ones in 1993. The retreating rate of Glacier No.4 in the Sigong River Basin in the Bogda Peak region was 6 m•a-1 during the period from 1962 to 1981, increased to 8.9 m•a-1 during the period of 1981-2006 and to 13.3 m•a-1 during the period of 2006-2009. Furthermore, Qingbingtan Glacier No.72 and No.74 covered by superglacial moraine retreated with rates of 41 m•a-1 and 30 m•a-1 during the period of 1964-2009, these rates were much higher than that (2.32 m•a-1) of the Miaoergou Flattopped Glacier without superglacial moraine during the period of 1972-2007. The surface morphology (superglacial moraine) is another cause resulting in the difference of glacier change in the Tianshan Mountains.

Key words: glacier variation, glacier terminus, climate change, superglacial moraine, Tianshan Mountains, China