干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2012, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 419-424.

• 水土资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

澳大利亚墨累-达令河流域水管理体制对我国的启示

 史璇1，2, 赵志轩2, 李立新1，2, 耿思敏2, 王青1，2   

    1. 东华大学 环境科学与工程学院，上海　201620；
    2. 中国水利水电科学研究院 水资源所，北京　100038
  • 收稿日期:2011-04-01 修回日期:2011-09-02 出版日期:2012-05-15 发布日期:2012-05-30
  • 作者简介:史璇（1988-），女，山西霍州人，硕士研究生，主要从事水资源与水环境综合调控研究.E-mail：xuan.wu163@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划）项目（2010CB951102）；国家自然科学基金创新研究群体基金项目（50721006）

Elicitation of Management Mode of the Murray-Darling Basin in Australia to that in China

 SHI  Xuan1，2, ZHAO  Zhi-Xuan2, LI  Li-Xin1，2, GENG  Si-Min2, WANG  Qing1，2   

    1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China;
    2. Institute of Water Resources Research, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China)
  • Received:2011-04-01 Revised:2011-09-02 Online:2012-05-15 Published:2012-05-30

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摘要： 在应对严峻干旱挑战，解决各种水资源利用问题的过程中，澳大利亚墨累-达令河流域已形成了较为成功的水管理模式，其成功经验包括：注重流域尺度管理；决策层、执行层、协调层三层协调配合；采用封顶和水权交易等市场化管理手段；州际协议基础上发展起来的健全流域管理法律体系等。借鉴其成功经验，结合我国流域管理特点和现状，我国应通过省市协议等方式强化流域尺度管理，强化各流域委员会的职权；在管理组织框架设置上，充分体现整体流域管理的思路，细化公众参与方式；深化我国市场化经济在流域管理中的运用；建立健全流域管理法律体系，保证实施整体流域管理制度。

关键词: 水资源, 管理体制, 干旱, 启示, 澳大利亚墨累-达令河流域

Abstract: To deal with the challenges of severe drought and some problems of water resources utilization, a comparatively sound management mode was formed for managing the Murray-Darling Basin in Australia. The successful experience includes: stress on basin scale management; threelayer organizational coordination system of MDBMC (Murray-Darling Basin Ministerial Council), MDBC (Murray-Darling Basin Commission) and CAC (Community Advisory Council); marketization with cap’s principle and water right transaction; and sound river basin management law system on the basis of agreement between states. Learning from the successful river basin management experience, the concept of sound river basin management and elaboration of the pattern of public participation in organizational framework setting should be fully expressed combined with the actuality of river basin management in China, the basinscale management should be emphasized, and the power of river basin management committees should be strengthened through provincial agreement; the function of market economy in basin management should also be strengthened. In addition, it is necessary to complete the legal system of river basin management so as to guarantee the application of sound river basin management.

Key words: river resources, management, drought, elicitation, Murray-Darling basin Australia