子午岭林区天然油松林的种群结构与动态

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)是黄土高原重要的乡土树种,在修复与保护当地环境中有着举足轻重的作用。应用样方法调查黄土高原子午岭马栏林区天然油松林的种群结构,采用编制静态生命表及绘制存活曲线的方法,分析天然油松的动态变化。结果表明:油松种群结构呈反"J"型分布,种群年龄结构属于增长型;高度结构呈规则的倒金字塔形,集中分布在Ⅱ～Ⅲ,Ⅴ～Ⅶ 5个高度级上,占总数的76.4%,个体数随着冠幅的增加而减少,其中冠幅小于6 m²的个体占总数的85.5%。树高与胸径的相关性比冠幅更密切,冠幅与胸径的相关性比树高更密切。据生存分析结果表明,种群幼苗幼树的生存状态较为稳定,死亡率较低,种群的存活曲线介于DeeveyⅡ和Ⅲ型之间。根据天然油松种群的结构和动态规律,对马栏林区天然油松林实施合理的人工抚育和保护措施,可使其产生更大的经济和生态效益。

关键词: 天然油松林, 种群结构, 存活曲线, 马栏林区, 子午岭, 黄土高原

Abstract: Pinus tabulaeformis is an important endemic species in the Loess Plateau, and it has a pivotal role in improving local ecological environment. In this paper, the types of P. tabulaeformis population structure were analyzed with sampling method. The laws of dynamic change of P. tabulaeformis population were analyzed using the static life table and survival curve. The results show that the P. tabulaeformis populations were in an inversed J-shaped distribution, and their age structure belonged to a typical growth type. The height structure was in a reverse pyramid-like form, most trees were 2-6 and 8-14 m high (76.4%), the tree number was decreased with the increase of crown size, and the proportion of the trees with crown size smaller than 6 m² was 85.5%. There was a close correlation between the tree height and DBH, and the correlation between the crown size and DBH was closer than that between tree height and crown size. Mortality of both seedlings and saplings was low, and the survival curves of P. tabulaeformis populations were between Deevey Ⅱ and Deevey Ⅲ. According to the structure and dynamic laws of P. tabulaeformis populations, it can create more economic returns and ecological benefits to take the suitable artificial rearing and conserving measures.

Key words: Pinus tabulaeformis, population structure, survival curve, Malan forested area, Ziwuling, Loess Plateau

中图分类号:

S718.542

崔长美, 王孝安, 郭华, 李伟. 子午岭林区天然油松林的种群结构与动态[J]. 干旱区研究, 2011, 28(1): 111-117.

CUI Chang-mei, WANG Xiao-an, GUO Hua, LI Wei. Structure and Dynamic Change of Natural Pinus tabulaeformis Populations in the Ziwuling Forested Area[J]. , 2011, 28(1): 111-117.

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