两种结构高立式芦苇沙障防沙效能探究及应用优化

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.08.14

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中国西北地区输电线路在沙漠、荒漠、戈壁等区域面临严重的风沙灾害，威胁电网安全运行。在工程中常采用高立式芦苇杆沙障和高立式芦苇束沙障，但在实际应用过程中发现，这两种不同结构的芦苇沙障表现出了不同的治沙效果。为探究两种结构沙障的防风阻沙效能差异，本研究结合数值模拟与风洞实验，分析了两种沙障在不同风速下的流场特征和积沙规律。结果表明：杆式沙障防风能力强，阻沙率高于束式沙障，但积沙紧贴沙障分布，易被掩埋；束式沙障防风效果差，但积沙分布远离沙障，抗沙埋能力显著。基于此，研究提出沙漠输电线路应差异化布设防风阻沙方案，即在风蚀主导区采用束式沙障延长防护周期，而积沙严重区选用杆式沙障以增强阻沙效果。该研究为沙漠输电线路防沙工程的优化提供了理论依据。

关键词: 风沙防治, 输电线路, 高立式芦苇沙障, 数值模拟, 风洞实验

Abstract:

In the “Desert-Gobi-Desertification” region of northwest China, the transmission lines are confronted with severe wind-sand disasters, which pose a threat to the safe operation of the power grid. In power transmission lines, upright bar and bundle reed sandfences are commonly employed as sand barriers. It has been discovered that these two distinct reed sand barrier structures exhibit different sand control effects. To explore the differences in the wind-sand prevention effectiveness of the two structural sandfences, the flow field characteristics and sand accumulation patterns of the two sandfences under different wind speeds were analyzed through a combination of numerical simulation and wind tunnel testing. The results indicate that the bar sandfence generates strong viscous resistance and demonstrates a better wind prevention effect. Its sand blocking efficiency is higher than that of the bundle sandfence. However, the accumulated sand is distributed close to the sand barrier and is prone to being buried. The bundle sandfence has a smaller windproof range, but the sand accumulation is distributed in areas far from itself, and its resistance to sand burial is remarkable. Based on these findings, a differentiated layout scheme is proposed: The bundle sandfence is utilized to extend the service life in the dominant wind erosion area, while the bar sandfence is used to enhance the sand blocking effect in areas with severe sand accumulation. These results provide a basis for the optimized design of sand control engineering for desert transmission lines.

Key words: wind-sand control, transmission lines, upright reed sandfence, numerical simulation, wind tunnel test

王新刚, 尹翔, 谢龙至, 张效俊, 童江峰, 谭靖. 两种结构高立式芦苇沙障防沙效能探究及应用优化[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(8): 1514-1524.

WANG Xingang, YIN Xiang, XIE Longzhi, ZHANG Xiaojun, TONG Jiangfeng, TAN Jing. Exploration on sand control efficiency of two structure high vertical reed sandfences and its application optimization[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(8): 1514-1524.

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沙障类型	风速/（m·s^-1）	沙源质量/kg	剩余沙源质量/kg	截留沙粒质量/kg		阻沙率/%
沙障类型	风速/（m·s^-1）	沙源质量/kg	剩余沙源质量/kg	迎风侧	背风侧	阻沙率/%
芦苇杆沙障	10	50	16.10	4.53	25.54	88.70
	15	40	11.32	0.03	18.90	66.00
	20	40	11.82	0.01	15.10	53.62
芦苇束沙障	10	50	14.50	1.51	25.56	76.25
	15	40	10.74	0.00	12.83	43.85
	20	40	15.30	0.00	5.76	23.32