干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 1526-1533.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.05.17

• 植物生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

3类典型株型草本植物对沙面风蚀抑制作用的研究

程锋梅1,2,3(),李生宇2,3(),郑伟1,赵淳宇1,2,3,范敬龙2,3,王世杰1,2,3,王海峰2,3,俞祥祥2,3   

  1. 1.新疆农业大学草业学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052
    2.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,国家荒漠-绿洲生态建设工程技术研究中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
    3.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所莫索湾沙漠研究站,新疆 石河子 832000
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-02 修回日期:2022-04-26 出版日期:2022-09-15 发布日期:2022-10-25
  • 通讯作者: 李生宇
  • 作者简介:程锋梅（1996-）,女,硕士研究生,主要从事草地荒漠化防治方面研究. E-mail: 1554102833@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院A类战略性科技先导专项子课题(XDA20030202);国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项(2017YFE0109200);中国科学院关键技术人才项目(2018);新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划重点项目(XJEDU2019I013);草原生态修复治理补助监测及科技支撑项目(XJCYZZ202006)

Study on wind erosion inhibition of three typical herbaceous plants on sand surface

CHENG Fengmei1,2,3(),LI Shengyu2,3(),ZHENG Wei1,ZHAO Chunyu1,2,3,FAN Jinglong2,3,WANG Shijie1,2,3,WANG Haifeng2,3,YU Xiangxiang2,3   

  1. 1. College of Grassland Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
    2. National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
    3. Mosuowan Desert Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2022-04-02 Revised:2022-04-26 Online:2022-09-15 Published:2022-10-25
  • Contact: Shengyu LI

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摘要：

植物自身具有维持生境稳定性的独特功能,而植物株型为主要作用要素之一。研究不同株型草本植物在沙质荒漠地区的地面抗风蚀作用,可以为制定生态恢复措施提供重要的科学参考。通过风洞实验,对3种植物株型（匍匐状、球状、丛状）的草本植物在5种覆盖度（25%、30%、35%、40%和45%）条件下的沙面风蚀率进行了测定,并分析了各株型的风蚀抑制率。结果表明：（1） 3种株型草本植物随覆盖度增加,空气动力学粗糙度和对风速的削减均逐步增加。在覆盖度较低时,不同植物株型之间的风蚀抑制率差异较大,球状和匍匐状植物株型固沙能力相对较高,而丛状植物株型固沙能力相对较低;较高风蚀抑制效率植物株型可以达到较低风蚀抑制效率植物株型在较高覆盖度条件下的固沙效果。（2） 在覆盖度30%时,匍匐状和球状植物的风蚀抑制效率分别为47.55%、55.70%,分别接近丛状植物覆盖度40%（48.46%）和45%（56.94%）的风蚀抑制效率。（3） 3种株型草本植物的风蚀抑制效率均随覆盖度增加而增加,覆盖度越小,三者差异越大,反之覆盖度越大差异越小;3类植物株型的风蚀率匍匐状最低,球状次之,丛状最高;风蚀抑制效率匍匐状最高,球状次之,丛状最低。

关键词: 草本植物, 植物株型, 风洞实验, 风蚀率, 风蚀抑制效率

Abstract:

Plant habit (form) is the main factor in determining the function of different plants in maintaining vegetative cover under wind erosion. Knowing the effects of different forms of herbaceous plants against wind erosion in a sandy desertified area can provide valuable references for ecological restoration measures. In this study, we conducted wind tunnel experiments to measure the erosion rate under three forms of herbaceous plants (creeping, globular, and plexiform) under different extents of vegetative cover (25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, and 45%). Aerodynamic roughness increased, and wind speed was reduced with the increase in vegetative cover, for all three plant forms. However, under low coverage, the wind erosion inhibition rate differed greatly among the different plant forms; the sand fixation ability of globular and creeping plants was higher than that of the plexiform plants. The plant type with high wind erosion inhibition efficiency can achieve the sand fixation effect of the plant type with low wind erosion inhibition efficiency under the condition of high coverage. At 30% coverage, the wind erosion inhibition efficiency of creeping and globular plants was 47.55% and 55.70%, respectively, which was not much different than the efficiency of plexiform plants at 40% (48.46%) and 45% (56.94%) coverage, respectively. The wind erosion inhibition efficiency of the three types of herbaceous plants increased linearly with the increase in coverage. The smaller the coverage, the greater the difference among the three plants. The wind erosion rate of the three plant forms was lowest in creeping, followed by globular, and highest in plexiform. Conversely, the wind erosion inhibition rate was highest in creeping, followed by globular, and lowest in plexiform.

Key words: herbs, plant type, wind tunnel experiment, wind erosion rate, wind erosion inhibition efficiency