琵琶柴的防风固沙作用数值模拟

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.11.09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物固沙是北方干旱、半干旱区防治风沙灾害的重要措施之一，其中琵琶柴（Reaumuria soongorica）为荒漠区分布最广泛的半灌木，具有重要的应用价值。本文利用计算平台Fluent对琵琶柴植株附近的流场进行数值模拟，分析风速特征和积沙特征。结果表明：（1）在10 m·s^-1初始风速下，植株前后皆会形成涡流，其高度和强度与距植株远近有关，整体低于0.25 m。（2）数值模拟结果表明，气流水平方向速度的变化多呈“N”和“W”型曲线，而垂直方向的气流速度变化则为“V”型曲线。（3）在较低风速下，非生长季琵琶柴的阻风效能要优于生长季，株后防护距离4 m；当风速大于6 m·s^-1时，双排生长季琵琶柴株后风速降低幅度可大于94.45%。（4）琵琶柴具有良好的阻沙效果，在初始风速为6 m·s^-1时，大部分沙粒堆积在植株前后底部；当风速增至10 m·s^-1时，生长季琵琶柴阻沙良好，沙粒主要沉积在株后1.5~3 H，沙粒堆积高度小于0.1 m；当初始风速为15 m·s^-1时，生长季琵琶柴株后积沙主要分布在株后2~3.5 H，而非生长季琵琶柴沙粒堆积范围则在株后1~10 H。无论何种生长季琵琶柴均能有效降低风场内气流速度，并对气流所携带的沙粒具有良好的沉降作用，在植物治沙工程中起重要作用。

关键词: 防风阻沙, 琵琶柴, 风速变化, 积沙分布, Fluent数值模拟

Abstract:

Vegetation-based sand fixation is a key measure to control wind and sand disasters in the arid and semi-arid regions of northern China. Reaumuria soongorica, a semi-shrub widely distributed in desert areas, holds a significant application value in this context. This study used Fluent software to perform numerical simulations of the airflow fields around R. soongorica during various growth seasons, analyzing wind speed characteristics and sand deposition patterns. The research yielded the following conclusions: (1) At an initial wind speed of 10 m·s^-1, vortices form in front of and behind the plant, with their height and intensity varying with the distance from the plant, generally below 0.25 m. (2) The numerical simulation results indicate that changes in horizontal airflow speed often exhibit N- and W-shaped curves, while vertical airflow speed changes follow a V-shaped curve. (3) At lower wind speeds, the wind-blocking effect of R. Soongorica in the non-growing season is better than that in the growing season, with a protection distance of 4 m behind the plant; when the wind speed is greater than 6 m·s^-1, the wind speed reduction behind double rows of R. Soongorica growing season can be greater than 94.45%. (4) R. soongorica has excellent sand-blocking effects. At an initial wind speed of 6 m·s^-1, most sand particles accumulate at the plant base, in front and behind it. When the wind speed increases to 10 m·s^-1, R. soongorica during the vigorous season effectively blocks sand, with sand particles primarily depositing between 1.5-3 H behind the plant, with a height lower than 0.1 m. At an initial wind speed of 15 m·s^-1, sand deposition behind the vigorous season R. soongorica is mainly distributed between height 2-3.5 H. In contrast, for the withering season, sand accumulation ranges from height 1-10 H behind the plant. Regardless of the growth season, R. soongorica effectively reduces airflow speed within the wind field and promotes the settling of sand particles carried by the airflow, playing a crucial role in vegetation-based sand control projects.

Key words: windbreak and sand fixation, Reaumuria soongorica, wind speed variation, sand deposition, Fluent numerical simulation

刘洋, 尹忠东, 闫晴, 张彩荣. 琵琶柴的防风固沙作用数值模拟[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(11): 1887-1897.

LIU Yang, YIN Zhongdong, YAN Qing, ZHANG Cairong. Numerical simulation on the windbreak and sand-fixing effect of Reaumuria soongorica[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(11): 1887-1897.

图/表 13

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

表2

图9

图10

图11

参考文献 35

[1]	吴正. 风沙地貌学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1987: 156.
	[Wu Zheng. Windblown Sand Geomorphology[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1987: 156. ]
[2]	王涛, 朱震达, 赵哈林. 我国沙漠化研究的若干问题——4. 沙漠化的防治战略与途径[J]. 中国沙漠, 2004, 24(2): 115-123.
	[Wang Tao, Zhu Zhenda, Zhao Halin. Study on sandy desertification in China 4. strategy and approach for combating sandy desertification[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2004, 24(2): 115-123. ]
[3]	Bagnold R A. Journeys in the Libyan Desert, 1929 and 1930[J]. Geographical Journal, 1931, 78: 13-39, 524.
[4]	牛丹妮, 马瑞, 刘虎俊, 等. 不同种植点配置的梭梭林防风效应的风洞试验[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2023, 45(7): 76-87.
	[Niu Danni, Ma Rui, Liu Hujun, et al. Wind tunnel test on the windproof effect of Haloxylon ammodendron forests with different planting site configurations[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2023, 45(7): 76-87. ]
[5]	程锋梅, 李生宇, 郑伟, 等. 3类典型株型草本植物对沙面风蚀抑制作用的研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(5): 1526-1533. doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.05.17
	[Cheng Fengmei, Li Shengyu, Zheng Wei, et al. Study on wind erosion inhibition of three typical herbaceous plants on sand surface[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(5): 1526-1533. ] doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.05.17
[6]	来风兵. 塔克拉玛干西部别里库姆沙漠胡杨沙堆的空间格局及Fluent流场模拟[D]. 西安: 陕西师范大学, 2017.
	[Lai Fengbing. Spatial Pattern and Fluent Flow Field Simulation of Populus euphratica Sand Pile in the Berikum Desert of Western Taklamakan[D]. Xi’an: Shaanxi Normal University, 2017. ]
[8]	[Chen Baiyu, Cheng Jianjun, Li Shengyu. Reasonable spacing of high-parallel reed sand barriers along the Xinjiang S214 provincial highway[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020, 37(3): 782-789. ]
[9]	马茂华, 孔令韶. 新疆呼图壁绿洲外缘的琵琶柴生物生态学特性研究[J]. 植物生态学报, 1998, 22(3): 46-53.
	[Ma Maohua, Kong Lingshao. The bioecological charcteristics of Reaumuria soongorica on the border of oasis at Hutubi, Xinjiang[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 1998, 22(3): 46-53. ]
[10]	闫宇, 郭强, 党晓宏, 等. 西鄂尔多斯地区四合木与红砂灌丛的阻沙能力对比研究[J]. 水土保持通报, 2024, 44(2): 137-145, 154.
	[Yan Yu, Guo Qiang, Dang Xiaohong, et al. Comparative study on sand-blocking ability of Tetraena mongolica and Reaumuria soongorica shrubs in west ordos area[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2024, 44(2): 137-145, 154. ]
[11]	杨洁, 单立山, 苏铭, 等. 降水量和生长方式对红砂和珍珠根系形态特征的影响研究[J]. 草地学报, 2021, 29(5): 936-945. doi: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2021.05.010
	[Yang Jie, Shan Lishan, Su Ming, et al. Effects of precipitation and growth pattern on root morphological characteristics of two arid land plant species[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(5): 936-945. ] doi: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2021.05.010
[12]	王振伟. 三北防护林工程中灌木林作用及发展对策[J]. 林业勘查设计, 2023, 52(2): 32-35.
	[Wang Zhenwei. Role and development strategies of shrubbery in the Three-North Shelterbelt Project[J]. Forest Investigation Design, 2023, 52(2): 32-35. ]
[13]	阿力木·依明, 木合塔尔·艾买提, 朱敏. 近二十年喀什地区植被覆盖的时空变化与影响因素分析[J]. 北方园艺, 2023(4): 60-70.
	[Alimu Yiming, Muhetar Aimaiti, Zhu Min. Spatio-temporal variations of vegetation cover and influencing factors in Kashi region from recent 20 years[J]. Northern Horticulture, 2023(4): 60-70. ]
[14]	刘金苗, 李菊艳, 尹忠东, 等. 干枯骆驼刺对风沙流场影响的数值模拟研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(5): 1514-1525. doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.05.16
	[Liu Jinmiao, Li Juyan, Yin Zhongdong, et al. Numerical simulation study on the influence of dry Alhagi camelorum on the wind-sand flow field[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(5): 1514-1525. ] doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.05.16
[15]	黄培祐, 聂湘萍, 周建民, 等. 准噶尔盆地中部琵琶柴(Reaumuria soongorica)群落的生境研究[J]. 新疆大学学报(自然科学版), 1988, 14(3): 66-71.
	[Huang Peiyou, Nie Xiangping, Zhou Jianmin, et al. Study on the habitat of Reaumuria soongorica community in Junggar Basin[J]. Journal of Xinjiang University (Natural Science Edition), 1988, 14(3): 66-71. ]
[16]	贾光普, 左合君, 王海兵, 等. 高立式尼龙网沙障周围风沙运动特性的数值模拟与试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(18): 109-117.
	[Jia Guangpu, Zuo Hejun, Wang Haibing, et al. Numerical simulation and experiment of wind-sand movement characteristics around high vertical nylon mesh sand barriers[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020, 36(18): 109-117. ]
[17]	江丽娟, 马高生. 新月形沙丘表面流场的数值模拟[J]. 兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 46(1): 48-52, 58.
	[Jiang Lijuan, Ma Gaosheng. Numerical modeling of flow over on isolated barchan dune[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Science Edition), 2010, 46(1): 48-52, 58. ]
[18]	郝晓杰, 熊治文, 蒋富强, 等. 青藏铁路不同防沙栅栏的布设位置研究[J]. 铁道标准设计, 2012, 56(4): 16-20.
	[Hao Xiaojie, Xiong Zhiwen, Jiang Fuqiang, et al. Research on the positions of various kinds of sand barriers in Qinghai-Tibet Railway[J]. Railway Standard Design, 2012, 56(4): 16-20. ]
[19]	武生智, 刘楠, 薄天利. 沙漠公路近壁流场的风洞实验和数值模拟[J]. 兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 44(4): 27-34.
	[Wu Shengzhi, Liu Nan, Bo Tianli. Numerical simulation and wind tunnel experiment of flow fields near the highways[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Sciences), 2008, 44(4): 27-34. ]
[20]	王露. 乌兰布和沙漠典型单株灌木防风阻沙效益研究[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2019.
	[Wang Lu. Study on the Benefits of Sand and Sand Resistance of Single Shrub in Ulan Buh Desert[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2019. ]
[21]	屈建军, 凌裕泉, 刘宝军, 等. 我国风沙防治工程研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(3): 225-231. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2019.03.0225
	[Qu Jianjun, Ling Yuquan, Liu Baojun, et al. The research status and development trends of wind-sandengineering in China[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2019, 34(3): 225-231. ] doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2019.03.0225
[22]	张正偲, 董治宝. 风沙地貌形态动力学研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(6): 734-747. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2014.06.0734
	[Zhang Zhengcai, Dong Zhibao. Research progress on aeolian geomorphology and morphodynamics[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2014, 29(6): 734-747. ] doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2014.06.0734
[23]	倪晋仁, 李振山. 风沙两相流理论及其应用[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2006: 89.
	[Ni Jinren, Li Zhenshan. Theory and Application of Wind Sand Two-phase Flow[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2006: 89. ]
[24]	Dong Z B, Wang H T, Liu X P, et al. The blown sand flux over a sandy surface: A wind tunnel investigation on the fetch effect[J]. Geomorphology, 2004, 57: 117.
[25]	李正农, 余世斌, 吴红华, 等. 强风作用下树木周围流场的数值模拟研究[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 52(11): 3970-3980.
	[Li Zhengnong, Yu Shibin, Wu Honghua, et al. Numerical simulation of flow field around the tree in strong wind[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2021, 52(11): 3970-3980. ]
[26]	闫晴, 李菊艳, 尹忠东, 等. 典型株型沙生灌丛对风沙流场影响的数值模拟[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(5): 785-797. doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2023.05.11
	[Yan Qing, Li Juyan, Yin Zhongdong, et al. Numerical simulation of the influence of typical shrub types onwind-sand flow field[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(5): 785-797. ] doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2023.05.11
[27]	Cheng Jianjun, Lei Jiaqiang, Li Shengyu, et al. Disturbance of the inclined inserting-type sand fence to wind-sand flow fields and its sand control characteristics[J]. Aeolian Research, 2016, 21: 139.
[28]	郑义津, 李正农, 涂文戈, 等. 树木对风沙流场影响的风洞试验研究[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2020, 29(6): 107-116.
	[Zheng Yijin, Li Zhengnong, Tu Wenge, et al. Wind tunnel experiments on the influence of trees on wind-sand flow field[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2020, 29(6): 107-116. ]
[29]	唐艳, 刘连友, 屈志强, 等. 植物阻沙能力研究进展[J]. 中国沙漠, 2011, 31(1): 43-48.
	[Tang Yan, Liu Lianyou, Qu Zhiqiang, et al. Research review of capacity of plant for trapping blown sand[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2011, 31(1): 43-48. ]
[30]	张奕. 乌兰布和沙区典型灌木的防风阻沙效益[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2021.
	[Zhang Yi. Wind Prevention and Sand Resistance of Typical Shrubs in Ulan Buh Desert[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2021. ]
[31]	肖锋军, 董治宝, 郭烈锦, 等. 风沙流中跃移沙粒冲击速度和角度联合概率分布风洞实验[J]. 中国沙漠, 2020, 40(3): 127-134. doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2019.00102
[7]	薄天利, 郑晓静. 防沙栅栏风洞实验的数值模拟[J]. 兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 41(5): 97-101.
	[Bo Tianli, Zheng Xiaojing. Numerical simulation on sand fence in wind tunnel experiment[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Sciences), 2005, 41(5): 97-101. ]
[8]	陈柏羽, 程建军, 李生宇. 新疆S214省道高立式芦苇沙障合理间距分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020, 37(3): 782-789.
[31]	[Xiao Fengjun, Dong Zhibao, Guo Liejin, et al. Experimental study on the joint probability distribution of impacting speed and angle of saltating sand grains in a wind tunnel[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2020, 40(3): 127-134. ] doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2019.00102
[32]	董光荣, 邹桂香, 李长治, 等. 巴盟河套西部防沙林带防风阻沙效益的初步观测——以磴口县坝楞公社为例[J]. 中国沙漠, 1983, 3(1): 13-23.
	[Dong Guangrong, Zou Guixiang, Li Changzhi, et al. Preliminary observation on the effiency of the wind-preventing and sand-resisting forest belt in the western part of the Great of Huanghe River——Taking Baleng Commune Dengkou County as an example[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 1983, 3(1): 13-23. ]
[33]	邹本功, 丛自立, 刘世建. 沙坡头地区风沙流的基本特征及其防治效应的初步观测[J]. 中国沙漠, 1981, 1(1): 37-43.
	[Zou Bengong, Cong Zili, Liu Shijian. A preliminary observation of the basic characteristics of sand-carrying and the effects of the measure in its prevention and control[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 1981, 1(1): 37-43. ]
[34]	李正春, 刘守仁, 缪礼维, 等. 新疆石河子饲用植物志[M]. 新疆: 新疆人民出版社, 1990: 272.
	[Li Zhengchun, Liu Shouren, Miao Liwei, et al. Xinjiang Shihezi Forage Plants Record[M]. Xinjiang: Xinjiang People’s Publishing House, 1990: 272. ]
[35]	赵多明, 赵倩云, 胡生新, 等. 甘肃民勤连古城国家级自然保护区柽柳科、十字花科药用植物源资源研究[J]. 甘肃科技, 2017, 33(21): 131-133.
	[Zhao Duoming, Zhao Qianyun, Hu Shengxin, et al. Study on the medicinal plant resources of Tamaricaceae and Cruciferae in the Liancheng Ancient City National Nature Reserve in Minqin, Gansu[J]. Gansu Science and Technology, 2017, 33(21): 131-133. ]

	最大值	最小值	平均值
迎风面冠幅/m	1.60	0.32	0.78
株高/m	0.43	0.14	0.24
小枝长/m	0.28	0.05	0.08
植株沿程分布数量/（株·m^-1）	0.73	0.60	0.65

风速/（m·s^-1）	高度（H）/m
风速/（m·s^-1）	0.05	0.15	0.25	0.30	0.35	0.45	0.60	0.80
6	5.62	12.46	25.65	29.75	39.02	53.21	71.89	88.34
10	2.45	0.56	4.13	7.54	12.44	27.18	55.29	83.03