沙化草地恢复中小叶锦鸡儿对植被和土壤的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.11.08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

小叶锦鸡儿（Caragana microphylla）是沙化草地促进植被恢复中常用的灌木树种，解析其在不同沙化草地恢复阶段对灌丛内植被和土壤理化特征的影响，对沙地植被恢复和可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究以呼伦贝尔沙地中半固定沙地、固定沙地和沙质草地3个典型沙化草地植被恢复阶段的小叶锦鸡儿灌丛为研究对象，通过方差分析、Pearson相关分析及冗余分析方法，探讨不同沙化草地植被恢复阶段小叶锦鸡儿灌丛下植被群落和土壤理化特征变化及其二者的关系。结果表明：（1）随着沙化草地植被恢复程度的增强，灌丛内植被物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数、群落高度和生物量增加。灌丛内的群落高度和生物量均高于灌丛外，在半固定沙地和固定沙地阶段灌丛内植被物种丰富度高于灌丛外。（2）在0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层中，土壤含水量呈现逐渐增加的趋势，最高值在沙质草地阶段（1.2%），且灌丛内高于灌丛外。黏粒和粉粒含量随着沙地植被恢复程度的增加逐渐增加，且灌丛内高于灌丛外，沙粒则表现相反。（3）随着植被恢复程度的增加，土壤有机碳逐渐增加，最高值在沙质草地阶段（4.12 g·kg^-1），表现为灌丛内高于灌丛外。土壤全氮从半固定沙地到固定沙地阶段增加，各阶段均表现为灌丛内高于灌丛外。随着植被恢复程度的增加，灌丛内土壤pH减小。土壤全磷无显著变化。（4）土壤理化特征分别解释了灌丛内外植被变化的59.6%和46.9%，其中主要影响因子是土壤粒径、全氮、含水量和有机碳。本研究表明在沙化草地植被恢复过程中，小叶锦鸡儿灌丛通过改善灌丛下土壤理化特征，包括土壤粒径、含水量、有机碳和全氮，对植被生长发育具有促进作用。

关键词: 沙化草地植被恢复, 小叶锦鸡儿, 植被特征, 土壤理化特征, 呼伦贝尔

Abstract:

Caragana microphylla, a shrub species commonly used to promote vegetation recovery in grasslands affected by desertification, plays a significant role in the ecological restoration and sustainable development of sandy lands. Understanding its impact on understory vegetation and soil physicochemical characteristics during different stages of desertified grassland recovery is crucial. This study focuses on C. microphylla shrublands in three typical stages of desertified grassland vegetation recovery in the Hulun Buir sandy land: semi-fixed, fixed, and sandy grasslands. This study used ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and redundancy analysis methods to explore the changes in understory plant communities and soil physicochemical characteristics in C. microphylla shrublands during different stages of desertified grassland vegetation recovery and their interrelationships. The results indicate that, as the degree of vegetation recovery in desertified grasslands increases, the species richness of the understory vegetation, Shannon-Wiener index, community height, and biomass also increase. The community height and biomass within the shrublands are higher than outside, with species richness within the shrublands being higher than outside during the semi-fixed and fixed sandland stages. In the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers, SWC displays an increasing trend, peaking in the sandy grassland stage (1.2%), and is higher within the shrublands than outside. The SWC at 10-20 cm is higher at 0-10 cm. In both layers, clay and silt content gradually increases with the degree of vegetation recovery in the sandy land and is higher within the shrublands than outside, while the opposite is true for sand content. In both soil layers, SOC gradually increases with the degree of vegetation recovery, peaking in the sandy grassland stage (4.12 g·kg^-1) and is higher within the shrublands than outside. TN increases from the semi-fixed to the fixed sand land stage, with higher levels within the shrublands than outside at all stages. Soil pH within the shrublands decreases as the degree of vegetation recovery increases. No significant change in TP is observed. Additionally, soil physicochemical characteristics account for 59.6% and 46.9% of the vegetation changes in both soil layers within and outside the shrublands, respectively, with the main influencing factors being soil particle size, TN, SWC, and SOC. This study demonstrates that during vegetation recovery in desertified grasslands, C. microphylla shrublands promote vegetation growth and development by improving the soil physicochemical characteristics under the shrublands, including soil particle size, SWC, SOC, and TN.

Key words: desertified grassland vegetation recovery, Caragana microphylla, vegetation characteristics, soil physicochemical characteristics, Hulun Buir

朱甜甜, 海鹭, 曹文旭, 李旭, 李清河. 沙化草地恢复中小叶锦鸡儿对植被和土壤的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(11): 1875-1886.

ZHU Tiantian, HAI Lu, CAO Wenxu, LI Xu, LI Qinghe. Effects of Caragana microphylla on vegetation and soil in the restoration of desertified grasslands[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(11): 1875-1886.

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恢复阶段	长度/cm	宽度/cm	高度/cm	林下植被盖度/%
半固定沙地	118.5±16.04b	89.70±19.87b	112.13±13.76a	25.2±8.21c
固定沙地	161±23.55a	131.17±23.70a	150.53±41.49a	48.5±10.54b
沙质草地	122.12±22.12b	98.27±27.93b	149.00±36.30b	83.5±4.57a

因素	df	丰富度		香农-威纳指数		群落高度		生物量
因素	df	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
恢复阶段	2	172.61	<0.01	58.49	<0.001	159.35	<0.01	277.37	<0.01
灌丛内外	1	46.61	<0.01	1.34	0.25	319.62	<0.01	295.08	<0.01
恢复阶段×灌丛内外	2	41.03	<0.01	2.36	0.10	0.58	0.56	72.48	<0.01

因素	df	土壤含水率		黏粒		粉粒		沙粒
因素	df	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
恢复阶段	2	71.58	<0.01	87.24	<0.01	66.97	<0.01	132.85	<0.01
灌丛内外	1	91.83	<0.01	19.19	<0.01	71.96	<0.01	93.75	<0.01
土层	1	13.91	<0.01	8.39	<0.01	15.17	<0.01	25.77	<0.01
恢复阶段×灌丛内外	2	0.29	0.74	8.02	<0.01	6.27	<0.01	14.12	<0.01
恢复阶段×土层	2	1.40	0.25	1.46	0.24	2.56	0.08	2.46	0.09
灌丛内外×土层	1	0.13	0.72	0.06	0.81	8.39	<0.01	5.24	<0.05
恢复阶段×灌丛内外×土层	2	1.61	0.20	0.64	0.53	3.54	<0.05	2.31	0.10

因素	df	有机碳		全氮		全磷		pH
因素	df	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
恢复阶段	2	59.029	<0.01	23.535	<0.01	1.89	0.15	48.28	<0.01
灌丛内外	1	15.829	<0.01	133.738	<0.01	0.07	0.79	48.08	<0.01
土层	1	6.135	<0.05	5.503	<0.05	7.83	<0.01	6.465	<0.05
恢复阶段×灌丛内外	2	3.581	<0.05	2.454	0.09	18.53	<0.01	50.64	<0.01
恢复阶段×土层	2	1.090	0.34	7.525	<0.01	3.11	<0.05	2.204	0.11
灌丛内外×土层	1	0.964	0.33	0.009	0.93	1.77	0.19	1.746	0.19
恢复阶段×灌丛内外×土层	2	0.353	0.70	19.987	<0.01	3.077	<0.05	1.898	0.15