高寒草甸退化对土壤电导率变化影响的研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.01.12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤电导率是表征土壤水溶性盐的一个重要指标,可反映土壤盐渍化程度。为了研究高寒草甸退化对土壤电导率的影响,以三江源区未退化高寒草甸和退化高寒草甸为研究对象,系统分析了退化高寒草甸的植被特征和土壤特征与土壤电导率的相互关系。结果表明：高寒草甸退化会对土壤电导率产生显著负影响,且土壤电导率与评价高寒草甸的退化指标植被盖度、地上生物量、土壤有机质、土壤全氮含量表现出一致的变化趋势。因而,认为高寒草甸的退化是会引起土壤电导率的变化,土壤电导率作为土壤盐渍化程度的衡量指标,亦可作为评价草甸退化的客观指标之一。

关键词: 退化高寒草甸, 土壤电导率, 植被特征, 土壤特征

Abstract:

Grassland degradation is a complex and long-term process, and the most apparent sign of its occurrence is vegetation degradation (e.g., vegetation community composition, productivity, and spatial structure). During this process, soil physical-chemical properties change, impoverishing the soil and making it arider. Soil electric conductivity is an index for measuring the water-soluble salinity, reflecting soil salinization. To explore how the soil conductivity changes during the degradation of alpine meadow, whether the soil conductivity presents a regular change with the degradation of alpine meadow, just like the physical-chemical characteristics of vegetation and soil. Therefore, to analyze the influence of alpine meadow degradation on soil conductivity, we studied the undergraded and degraded alpine meadows in the Three River Source Region. We adopted a statistical test method to systematically analyze the relationship between vegetation and soil characteristics and the degraded alpine meadow’s soil conductivity. The degradation of alpine meadow significantly affected the vegetation coverage and biomass, causing the reduction of total soil nitrogen, organic matter, and moisture, turning it more infertile. We found that alpine meadow’s degradation negatively impacted soil conductivity. The soil conductivity showed a consistent trend with alpine meadow’s degradation indexes, including vegetation coverage, aboveground biomass, soil organic matter, and total nitrogen content. Therefore, we believe that alpine meadow’s degradation will change soil conductivity, and that these parameters can be used as an index of the degree of soil salinization and meadow degradation. Our study aims to reveal the characteristics of vegetation-soil conductivity during the alpine meadow’s degradation process, enrich the evaluation indexes of degraded alpine meadow, and provide a scientific basis for the early warning and restoration management of degraded alpine meadow.

Key words: alpine degraded meadow, soil electrical conductivity, vegetation characters, soil characters

王英成,芦光新,赵丽蓉,邓晔,王军邦. 高寒草甸退化对土壤电导率变化影响的研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(1): 104-113.

WANG Yingcheng,LU Guangxin,ZHAO Lirong,DENG Ye,WANG Junbang. The influence of alpine meadow degradation on soil conductivity change[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(1): 104-113.

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样地	植被盖度	物种数	地上生物量/（g·m^-2）
样地	植被盖度	物种数	地上生物量鲜重	地上生物量干重
未退化草甸	93%	6.87±1.06a	156.55±52.90a	84.73±33.95a
退化草甸	57%	5.93±1.16b	66.51±21.73b	41.07±12.48b

物种	退化草甸	未退化草甸
麻花艽(Gentiana straminea)	0.16±0.00	0.08±0.01
多裂委陵菜(Potentilla multifida）	0.06±0.02	0.05±0.02
雪灵芝(Arenaria kansuensis)	0.09±0.09	0.04±0.01
高山嵩草(Kobresia pygmaea)	0.42±0.09	0.53±0.13
美丽风毛菊(Saussurea superba)	0.08±0.00	0.09±0.01
火绒草(Leontopodium leontopodioides)	0.07±0.03	0.06±0.02
赖草(Leymus secalinus)	0.08±0.00	0.09±0.00
黄花棘豆(Oxytropis ochrocephala)	0.08±0.00	0.08±0.02
细叶亚菊(Ajania tenuifolia)	0.18±0.18	0.09±0.09
兔耳草(Lagotis brevituba)	-	0.05±0.00
独一味(Lamiophlomis rotata)	-	0.09±0.04
重冠紫菀(Aster diplostephioides)	0.06±0.01	0.13±0.08
蒲公英(Taraxacum mongolicum)	0.03±0.01	0.05±0.00
甘青大戟(Euphorbia micractina)	0.10±0.06	0.05±0.00
紫花针茅(Stipa purpurea)	0.19±0.03	0.24±0.07
矮生忍冬(Lanicera minuta)	0.19±0.03	-
兰石草(Lancea tibetica)	0.14±0.08	-
高山唐松草(Thalictrum alpinum)	0.19±0.15	-
苔草(Carex)	0.11±0.00	-
独活(Heracleum millefolium)	0.13±0.07	-
黄芪(Astragalus tanguticus)	0.17±0.00	-
车前草(Plantago major)	0.06±0.00	-
星状风毛菊(Saussurea stella)	-	0.09±0.00

样地	总氮含量/%	有机质含量/%	pH
未退化草甸	72.64±8.23a	10.67±1.98a	6.31±0.12b
退化草甸	55.79±16.90b	6.54±1.71b	7.44±0.37a

样地	土壤温度/℃	土壤水分/%	土壤电导率/(μS·cm^-1)
未退化草甸	20.29±2.16a	20.40±6.29b	0.27±0.10a
退化草甸	13.08±4.39b	24.61±4.00a	0.08±0.08b