野生与栽培黑果枸杞根际土壤养分和微生物多样性差异

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.08.10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为解析野生与栽培两种不同生境黑果枸杞（Lycium ruthenicum）植株根际土壤理化性质及微生物多样性的差异，提供优化栽培策略理论依据。以青海省诺木洪地区野生和栽培黑果枸杞的根际土壤为研究对象，结合高通量测序技术与土壤理化性质分析，比较两者全氮（Total Nitrogen，TN）、全磷（Total Phosphorus，TP）、全钾（Total Potassium，TK）等全量养分和有机碳（Soil Organic Carbon，SOC）含量，了解微生物群落组成特征和功能，并通过冗余分析揭示微生物-土壤因子的关联。结果显示：（1）野生黑果枸杞植株根际土壤中TK（P<0.001）和SOC（P<0.05）含量显著高于栽培植株，但pH值较栽培植株显著降低0.74（P<0.05）。（2）微生物群落组成分析表明，野生黑果枸杞植株根际土壤中放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）及子囊菌门（Ascomycota）相对丰度高于栽培植株，而栽培植株中变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteriota）、被孢霉门（Mortierellomycota）与壶菌门（Chytridiomycota）相对丰度高于野生植株。（3）冗余分析显示，野生黑果枸杞植株根际土壤微生物群落的α多样性与TN、TP、TK、SOC呈正相关，与pH值呈负相关，栽培植株呈相反趋势。（4）功能预测表明，野生黑果枸杞植株根际土壤中腐生营养型真菌功能丰度较高，而栽培植株中植物病原体功能丰度较高。研究结果可为黑果枸杞规模化种植及退化生境生态修复提供科学依据。

关键词: 黑果枸杞, 理化性质, 微生物多样性, 群落结构, 土壤特征

Abstract:

To analyze the differences in physicochemical properties and microbial diversity of rhizosphere soil between wild and cultivated Lycium ruthenicum plants in different habitats, and to provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing cultivation strategies. This rhizosphere soils of wild and cultivated L. ruthenicum plants in Nuomuhong, Qinghai was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing and soil physicochemical analysis to compare total nutrient content [total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK)], soil organic carbon (SOC), and microbial community composition. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and functional prediction were employed to elucidate microbe-soil factor interactions. The results showed: (1) Wild plants exhibited significantly higher TK (P<0.001) and SOC (P<0.05) content in rhizosphere soil than cultivated plants, whereas TN and TP did not significantly differ between the groups. pH was 0.74 lower in wild plants than in cultivated plants (P<0.05). (2) Microbial community analysis revealed that the rhizosphere soil of wild plants exhibited higher a relative abundance of Actinobacteriota, Chloroflexi, and Ascomycota than cultivated plants. Conversely, cultivated plants displayed higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Mortierellomycota, and Chytridiomycota. (3) RDA illustrated that microbial alpha diversity in wild plants was positively correlated with TN, TP, TK, and SOC but negatively correlated with pH, whereas the opposite trends were observed in cultivated plants. (4) Functional prediction indicated higher saprotrophic fungal functional abundance in wild plants, whereas cultivated plants exhibited enriched plant pathogen functions. These findings provide a scientific basis for the scaled cultivation of L. ruthenicum and the ecological restoration of degraded habitats.

Key words: Lycium ruthenicum, physicochemical properties, microbial diversity, community structure, soil characteristics

施秀娟, 李伟伟, 赵锐明. 野生与栽培黑果枸杞根际土壤养分和微生物多样性差异[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(8): 1463-1472.

SHI Xiujuan, LI Weiwei, ZHAO Ruiming. Differences in the nutrient and microbial diversity of rhizosphere soil between wild and cultivated Lycium ruthenicum[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(8): 1463-1472.

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