不同林龄天山云杉人工林土壤多功能性特征及影响因素

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.03.05

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤多功能性是生态系统多功能性的重要组成部分，研究不同林龄天山云杉人工林土壤多功能性及其影响因素可以更好地理解土壤的综合能力，为森林生态系统的管理和评估提供参考。以30 a、40 a、50 a和60 a天山云杉人工林为研究对象，基于与土壤碳、氮、磷等相关的15个指标量化土壤多功能性，研究不同林龄天山云杉人工林土壤多功能性差异。通过因子分析，揭示土壤多功能性的主要影响因素。结果表明：（1）土壤含水量、全氮、碱解氮随着林龄增加先降低后升高，日平均温度和有机质含量随着林龄增加逐渐减小。（2）土壤脲酶随着林龄增加呈倒“N”字形趋势，纤维素酶、蔗糖酶随林龄增加先升高后降低，过氧化氢酶活性随林龄增加逐渐降低。（3）土壤多功能性随林龄增加先增加后减小，主要受碱解氮和脲酶影响。因此，林龄是影响天山云杉人工林土壤多功能性的重要生态因子，同时调节土壤理化性质、酶活性等，研究结果对新疆天山北坡地区天山云杉人工林的可持续经营具有重要意义。

关键词: 林龄, 天山云杉, 人工林, 土壤多功能性, 因子分析法

Abstract:

Soil multifunctionality is a vital component of ecosystem multifunctionality. Exploring the multifunctionality of soil in the Picea schrenkiana plantation at various ages offers valuable insights into soil capabilities. This research should enhance our understanding and support the management of vibrant forest ecosystems, making a significant contribution to environmental science. This study investigated the Picea schrenkiana plantation at the ages of 30, 40, 50, and 60 years, focusing on 15 indicators related to soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, to evaluate the soil multifunctionality of the Picea schrenkiana plantation. The findings reveal the following: (1) Soil moisture content, total nitrogen, and available nitrogen initially decreased before increasing with forest age, while daily average temperature and organic matter content exhibited a consistent decline with increasing forest age. (2) The activity of soil urease displayed an inverted “N” shaped trend concerning forest age, whereas the activities of cellulase and invertase initially rose and then declined. Catalase activity gradually decreased with increasing forest age. (3) Soil multifunctionality increased and then decreased with aging of the forest. The main factors affecting soil multifunctionality included the available nitrogen and urease. Therefore, forest age is a significant ecological factor that influences soil multifunctionality of the Picea schrenkiana plantation. In addition, managing related factors such as soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activity is crucial. These research findings are significant for the sustainable management of Picea schrenkiana plantation on the northern slopes of Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang.

Key words: age of stand, Picea schrenkiana, plantation forests, soil multifunctionality, factor analysis

王钰, 赵善超, 李柳, 圆圆, 顾晓亮. 不同林龄天山云杉人工林土壤多功能性特征及影响因素[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(3): 445-455.

WANG Yu, ZHAO Shanchao, LI Liu, YUAN Yuan, GU Xiaoliang. Soil multifunctionality and its influences across various ages of Picea schrenkiana plantation[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(3): 445-455.

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林龄/a	海拔/m	平均树高/m	平均胸径/cm	林分密度/（株·hm^-2）
30	1795±34	11.06±2.07	12.43±0.98	2513±508
40	1930±12	15.73±0.25	15.73±0.35	2388±286
50	2040±25	15.44±1.01	17.42±1.37	1554±323
60	1999±34	18.41±2.64	21.59±2.66	1307±247

	指标	单位	检测方法
物理指标	土壤容重（Soil Bulk Density，SBD）	g·cm^-3	环刀法
	土壤含水量（Soil Water Content，SWC）	m3·m^-3	便携式数据采集器TH302及配套5TE探针便携式数据采集器TH302及配套5TE探针便携式数据采集器TH302及配套5TE探针
	日平均温度（Daily Mean Temperature，DMT）	℃
	电导率（Electrical Conductivity，EC）	us·cm^-1
化学指标	pH	-	电极法
	土壤有机质（Soil Organic Matter，SOM）	g·kg^-1	扩散吸收法
	全氮（Total Nitrogen，TN）	g·kg^-1	原子吸收法
	碱解氮（Alkali-hydrolyzed Nitrogen，AN）	mg·kg^-1	熏蒸法
	速效钾（Available Potassium，AK）	mg·kg^-1	醋酸铵浸提-火焰光谱法
	速效磷（Available Phosphorus，AP）	mg·kg^-1	碳酸氢钠浸提-钼锑抗比色法
酶活性	土壤脲酶（Solid-Urease，S-UE）	U·g^-1	靛酚蓝比色法
	土壤过氧化氢酶（Solid-Catalase，S-CAT）	U·g^-1	紫外吸收法
	土壤纤维素酶（Solid-Cellulase，S-CL）	U·g^-1	蒽酮比色法
	土壤蔗糖酶(Solid-Sucrase，S-SC）	U·g^-1	DNS法

	指标
	AN	S-UE	EC	SOM	AK	S-CL	SWC	S-SC	pH	SBD	DMT	S-CAT	TN	AP
因子载荷系数	-0.800	0.154	0.017	-0.015	0.007	0.007	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.002	0.002
公因子贡献率/%	94.341

林龄/a		指标
林龄/a		SBD	SWC	DMT	EC	pH	SOM	TN	AN	AP	AK	S-UE	S-CAT	S-SC	S-CL	SMF
SMF	30	0.90^**	0.89^**	0.94^**	0.92^**	0.93^**	-0.91^**	0.85^**	-1.00^**	0.88^**	-0.08	0.98^**	0.95^**	0.94^**	0.95^**	1
	40	0.92^**	0.91^**	0.97^**	0.88^**	0.95^**	-0.97^**	0.87^**	-1.00^**	0.89^**	0.83^**	0.98^**	0.97^**	0.96^**	0.78^*	1
	50	0.91^**	0.91^**	0.93^**	0.81^**	0.93^**	-0.92^**	0.89^**	-1.00^**	0.91^**	0.16	0.98^**	0.91^**	0.91^**	0.82^**	1
	6	0.95^**	0.95^**	0.98^**	0.83^**	0.98^**	-0.98^**	0.93^**	-1.00^**	0.89^**	-0.01	0.97^**	0.97^**	0.98^**	0.95^**	1