干旱区自然资源地表基质细化分类体系构建与调查深度

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.01.08

干旱区研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 84-96.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.01.08 cstr: 32277.14.AZR.20250108

干旱区自然资源地表基质细化分类体系构建与调查深度

李双媛¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 徐柱⁵, 王玉刚²^,³^,⁴(), 孙金金²^,³^,⁶

1.自然资源要素耦合过程与效应重点实验室，北京 100055
2.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
3.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
4.中国科学院阜康荒漠生态系统国家站，新疆阜康 831505
5.新疆天池管理委员会博格达生态环境监测站，新疆阜康 831500
6.自然资源部塔里木河流域下游水资源与生态效应野外科学观测研究站，新疆乌鲁木齐 830057

收稿日期:2024-08-09 修回日期:2024-11-09 出版日期:2025-01-15 发布日期:2025-01-17
通讯作者: 王玉刚. E-mail: wangyg@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:李双媛（2000-），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为景观尺度土地资源. E-mail: lsy000615@126.com
基金资助:
自然资源要素耦合过程与效应重点实验室开放课题(2022KFKTC016);“天山英才”培养计划(2023TSYCLJ0048)

Construction of a refined classification system and survey depth of underground for natural resource ground substrates in arid zones

LI Shuangyuan¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), XU Zhu⁵, WANG Yugang²^,³^,⁴(), SUN Jinjin²^,³^,⁶

1. Key Laboratory of Coupling Process and Effect of Natural Resources Elements, Beijing 100055, China
2. Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Land; Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4. Fukang Station of Desert Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fukang 831505, Xinjiang, China
5. Bogda Eco-environmental Station in Tianchi Management Committee, Fukang 831500, Xinjiang, China
6. Field Observation and Research Station of Water Resources and Ecological Effect in Lower Reaches of Tarim River Basin, Urumqi 830057, Xinjiang, China

Received:2024-08-09 Revised:2024-11-09 Published:2025-01-15 Online:2025-01-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地表基质分类是开展地表基质调查监测的基础，同时也是揭示地表基质与地表覆盖层的协同耦合关系的关键，有助于从地表覆被和地下空间要素两个层次认识地表基质与生态环境的作用机制。本研究以干旱区典型的内陆河流域——新疆三工河流域为靶区，依据干旱区山地-绿洲-荒漠景观异质性分布特征，在地表基质的分布区域、海拔范围及主要地表覆被的基础上，构建了一套地表基质三级分类分区体系。整体划分为4个地表基质一级类、17个二级类及28个三级类。根据土壤理化性质及植被根系分布特征，地表基质调查深度在南部山区以50 cm；中部平原区以3 m；北部沙漠区小于10 m为宜。此外，基于垂直带生态系统NPP的分异性特征，验证了分类体系的合理性，体现了地表基质层孕育支撑土地覆被的作用关系。研究成果为未来干旱区自然资源调查监测和科学管理决策提供理论与技术支撑。

关键词: 地表基质, 地表基质分类, 调查深度, 干旱区, 三工河流域

Abstract:

The classification of the ground substrate is a fundamental basis for conducting ground substrate surveys and monitoring. It reveals the synergistic coupling relationship between the ground substrate and the surface cover layer, which aids in understanding the mechanisms of interaction between the ground substrate and the ecological environment from both the surface cover and subsurface spatial elements. This study targeted the Sangong River Basin in Xinjiang, a typical inland river basin in an arid region. Based on the heterogenous distribution of the mountain-oasis-desert landscape in arid regions, a three-tier classification and zoning system for ground substrates was developed, considering the distribution area, elevation range, and main surface cover of the surface substrates. The overall classification was divided into four primary categories, 17 secondary categories, and 28 tertiary categories. Considering the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the distribution characteristics of vegetation root systems, the suitable survey depth for ground substrates in the southern mountainous area was 50 cm; in the central plain area, it was 3 m; and in the northern desert area, it was less than 10 m. Additionally, based on the differentiation characteristics of Net Primary Productivity in vertical zonal ecosystems, the rationality of the classification system was validated, reflecting the role of ground substrate layers in nurturing and supporting land cover. These results provide theoretical and technical support for future natural resource surveys, monitoring, and scientific management decisions in arid regions.

Key words: ground substrate, classification of ground substrate, survey depth of underground, arid area, Sangong River Basin

李双媛, 徐柱, 王玉刚, 孙金金. 干旱区自然资源地表基质细化分类体系构建与调查深度[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(1): 84-96.

LI Shuangyuan, XU Zhu, WANG Yugang, SUN Jinjin. Construction of a refined classification system and survey depth of underground for natural resource ground substrates in arid zones[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(1): 84-96.

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编号	土地利用类型	灌溉方式	灌溉水源	采样数量	水位埋深/m
S1	荒漠	-	-	29	5.8
S2	农田	滴灌	地下水	32	6.4
S3	荒漠	-	-	28	5.6
S4	农田	滴灌	地下水	29	5.7

数据类型	数据名称	数据精度	数据格式	简介及来源
气象数据	温度、降水数据	1 km	TIFF	采用1901—2022年中国1 km分辨率逐月平均气温和降水量数据集（http://www.geodata.cn），时间序列为1990—2020年
气象数据	太阳辐射数据	1 km	TIFF	太阳总辐射数据通过日照百分率数据换算得到。本文使用的日照百分率数据来源于国家气象科学数据共享服务平台（http://data.cma.cn），时间序列为1990—2020年。通过和清华等^[14]的方法计算太阳总辐射值
遥感数据	DEM数据	30 m	TIFF	采用ASTER GDEM产品，来自地理空间数据云（https://www.gscloud.cn）
	NDVI数据	30 m	TIFF	采用Landsat影像数据，来自谷歌地球引擎（Google Earth Engine，GEE）平台时间序列为1990—2020年。影像的调取和处理基于GEE云平台，其中1990—2011年和2013—2020年的影像分别选用Landsat 5和Landsat 8数据。经去云、大气校正和裁剪等前处理，通过计算公式^[15]进行NDVI的计算
	植被覆盖类型数据	500 m	TIFF	采用MODIS MCD12Q1（https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search)的年度合成产品，时间序列为2001—2019年

干旱区自然资源地表基质细化分类体系构建与调查深度

Construction of a refined classification system and survey depth of underground for natural resource ground substrates in arid zones

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