准东五彩湾矿区周边土壤重金属分布特征与来源

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.05.16

Abstract

Abstract:

This study focuses on the surface soils around the Wucaiwan mining Area in Zhundong, Xinjiang, Chian. By integrating multiple methods, including Kriging interpolation, the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method, the potential ecological risk index method, and the Positive Matrix Factorization model, the spatial distribution, pollution levels, ecological risks, and sources of seven heavy metals (Hg, Cr, As, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd) in the study area were systematically analyzed. The results indicate that the pollution levels of the heavy metals, in descending order, are Hg>Cr>As>Pb>Cu>Zn>Cd. Notably, 100% of the sampling points for Hg, As, 98% for Cr, and 86% for Pb exceed the regional soil background values of Xinjiang, highlighting significant potential pollution risks. Source apportionment reveals that the primary sources of heavy metals in the surface soil of the study area are industrial emissions (23.3%), traffic emissions (14.6%), combustion sources (19.0%), natural sources (19.9%), and atmospheric deposition (23.2%). These findings provide a robust scientific basis and significant guidance for the remediation and management of heavy metal-contaminated soils in coal mining areas of Xinjiang.

Key words: heavy metals, distribution characteristics, ecological risk, source apportionment, Wucaiwan mining area

YANG Yanyan, CHEN Xing, WANG Ze, KE Yihao, LI Qinglin, HAO Xiangxue, WANG Ruoxin, SUN Can. Distribution characteristics and sources of heavy metals in soil around Wucaiwan mining area in Zhundong[J].Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(5): 944-956.

Figures/Tables 10

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References 36

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单因子指数		内梅罗综合污染指数		地累积指数		潜在生态风险指数
P_i	污染水平	P_N	污染水平	I_geo	污染程度	${E}_{r}^{i}$	RI	风险等级
P_i<1	清洁	P_N≤0.7	安全	I_geo≤0	无污染	${E}_{r}^{i}$<40	RI<150	轻微风险
1≤P_i<2	轻微污染	0.7<P_N≤1	警戒	0<I_geo≤1	轻度污染	40≤${E}_{r}^{i}$<80	150≤RI<300	中等风险
2≤P_i<3	轻度污染	1<P_N≤2	轻污染	1<I_geo≤2	偏中度污染	80≤${E}_{r}^{i}$<160	300≤RI<600	强风险
3≤P_i<5	中度污染	2<P_N≤3	中污染	2<I_geo≤3	中度污染	160≤${E}_{r}^{i}$<320	600≤RI<1200	很强风险
P_i≥5	重污染	P_N>3	重污染	3<I_geo≤4	偏重污染	${E}_{r}^{i}$≥320	RI≥1200	极强风险
				4<I_geo≤5	重度污染
				I_geo>5	严重污染

元素	土壤重金属浓度ω/（mg·kg^-1）						标准偏差	C_v/%	背景值超标率/%	筛选值超标率/%
元素	最小值	最大值	平均值	中值	背景值	筛选值	标准偏差	C_v/%	背景值超标率/%	筛选值超标率/%
Cu	16.10	122.27	29.73	24.65	26.70	100	18.96	63.75	36	2
Zn	43.72	297.26	73.37	67.73	66.80	300	34.35	46.81	54	0
Pb	16.49	29.49	22.86	22.16	19.40	170	3.50	15.32	86	0
Cd	0.02	0.18	0.08	0.07	0.12	0.6	0.03	41.36	10	0
Cr	47.68	205.94	80.77	75.96	49.30	250	25.14	31.12	98	0
As	12.40	25.53	16.93	16.60	11.20	25	3.00	17.69	100	4
Hg	0.11	1.12	0.44	0.40	0.017	3.4	0.20	44.52	100	0

元素		最小值	最大值	均值	方差	标准差	C_v/%	峰度	偏度
P_i	Cu	0.60	4.58	1.11	0.50	0.71	63.79	14.57	3.60
	Zn	0.65	4.45	1.10	0.27	0.51	46.81	38.44	5.84
	Pb	0.85	1.52	1.18	0.03	0.18	15.28	-0.86	0.26
	Cd	0.18	1.46	0.62	0.06	0.26	41.45	1.40	0.97
	Cr	0.97	4.18	1.64	0.26	0.51	31.12	11.98	2.78
	As	1.11	2.28	1.51	0.07	0.27	17.67	1.15	1.06
	Hg	6.17	65.72	25.83	132.30	11.50	44.52	2.76	1.36
P_N		4.55	47.06	18.57	67.41	8.21	44.21	2.76	1.36

元素	最小值	最大值	均值	方差	标准差	C_v/%	峰度	偏度
Cu	3.02	22.90	5.57	12.60	3.55	63.76	14.59	3.60
Zn	0.65	4.45	1.10	0.26	0.51	46.81	38.50	5.85
Pb	4.25	7.60	5.89	0.82	0.90	15.32	-0.84	0.26
Cd	5.00	45.00	18.55	62.27	7.89	42.54	1.68	1.11
Cr	1.93	8.36	3.28	1.04	1.02	31.12	11.89	2.79
As	11.07	22.79	15.11	7.15	2.67	17.69	1.13	1.05
Hg	235.29	2635.29	1032.94	211064.19	459.42	44.48	2.82	1.36
RI	290.73	2681.96	1082.44	210545.59	458.85	42.39	2.81	1.37

元素	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5
Cu	0.39	0.79	-0.17	0.08	0.19
Zn	0.15	0.01	0.91	0.17	-0.01
Pb	0.32	-0.77	-0.22	0.28	0.11
Cd	-0.05	-0.12	0.19	0.93	-0.07
Cr	0.89	-0.01	0.09	-0.15	0.10
As	0.64	0.10	0.46	0.36	-0.12
Hg	0.05	0.05	-0.03	-0.07	0.99
特征值	1.49	1.23	1.16	1.13	1.05
方差贡献率/%	21.30	17.63	16.51	16.07	14.95
累计方差贡献率/%	21.30	38.93	55.44	71.51	86.46

Distribution characteristics and sources of heavy metals in soil around Wucaiwan mining area in Zhundong

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