呼伦贝尔东部农田区动态融雪过程及其影响因子

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.09.08

Abstract

Abstract:

The spring snowmelt process is not only a key part of land surface processes and snow hydrology studies but also directly indicates climate, phenology, and their changing characteristics. Due to climatic conditions and limitations in observational data, the snowmelt process and its altering patterns in the snow-covered farmlands of the northern mid-high latitude regions have been long neglected. This paper, based on hourly snow depth data from two automatic snow depth observation stations in the eastern farmland area of Hulunbuir during 2021-2022 and synchronous meteorological observation data such as air and ground temperatures, analyzes the snowmelt process on the underlying surface of the northern agricultural area and the factors influencing it. The results show that: (1) In these areas, the snow cover period generally started in mid-October and ended in early March of the following year, with the snow cover period in 2022 lasting 116 days. The snow depth in autumn and winter was relatively shallow, generally 5-9 cm, and in spring, often exceeded 10 cm. The snowmelt period began in early March, and complete melting took 5-18 days. (2) The annual snowmelt process was characterized by a gradual decrease followed by a rapid melt. The daily snowmelt process started between 9:00 and 10:00 AM, with the maximum melting rate usually occurring between 11:00 AM and 16:00 PM. (3) Air and snow surface temperatures markedly influenced snowmelt, but the correlation between snowmelt and soil temperature was the most significant, with the 0 cm ground surface temperature between 9:00 AM and 17:00 PM being the dominant factor influencing the rate of melting. (4) A comparison of the different types of snowmelt processes suggested that the dynamic snowmelt characteristics in these areas were consistent with those under various cover conditions such as grass and forestlands, indicating that the snowmelt process was mainly influenced by differences in thermal conditions, with little variability in the snowmelt process under various land cover and use types.

Key words: snow, snowmelt characteristics, influencing factors, farmland, Hulun Buir

HUANG Kunlin, WU Guozhou, XU Weixin, LI Lidong, WANG Haimei, LI Hang, LI Zixiang, SI Jingke, LIU Hongbin, WU Chengna. Dynamic snowmelt process and its influencing factors in the eastern farmland region of Hulun Buir[J].Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(9): 1514-1526.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Tab. 1

Correlation coefficients between 1-hour snow depth during the snowmelt period at Moqi and Zhalantun stations and temperature synced to 6:00 ahead"

站点	年份		气温
站点	年份		6:00	7:00	8:00	9:00	10:00	11:00	12:00	13:00	14:00	15:00	16:00	17:00	18:00	19:00	20:00	21:00	22:00
莫旗	2021年雪深	6:00	-0.64
		7:00	-0.66	-0.71
		8:00	-0.67	-0.72	-0.76
		9:00	-0.68	-0.72	-0.76	-0.79
		10:00	-0.69	-0.74	-0.77	-0.80	-0.82
		11:00	-0.71	-0.75	-0.79	-0.81	-0.83	-0.83
		12:00	-0.71	-0.76	-0.79	-0.82	-0.84	-0.84	-0.83
		13:00	-0.72	-0.77	-0.80	-0.83	-0.84	-0.84	-0.84	-0.84
		14:00	-0.73	-0.78	-0.81	-0.84	-0.85	-0.85	-0.85	-0.84	-0.84
		15:00	-0.73	-0.77	-0.80	-0.83	-0.84	-0.84	-0.84	-0.84	-0.84	-0.84
		16:00	-0.72	-0.77	-0.80	-0.82	-0.84	-0.84	-0.83	-0.83	-0.83	-0.84	-0.83
		17:00	-0.73	-0.77	-0.80	-0.82	-0.84	-0.84	-0.83	-0.83	-0.83	-0.84	-0.83	-0.80
		18:00	-0.72	-0.77	-0.80	-0.82	-0.84	-0.84	-0.84	-0.83	-0.83	-0.84	-0.83	-0.80	-0.75
		19:00		-0.77	-0.80	-0.82	-0.84	-0.84	-0.83	-0.83	-0.83	-0.84	-0.83	-0.81	-0.76	-0.72
		20:00			-0.80	-0.83	-0.85	-0.85	-0.85	-0.84	-0.84	-0.85	-0.84	-0.82	-0.77	-0.73	-0.69
		21:00				-0.83	-0.85	-0.85	-0.84	-0.84	-0.85	-0.85	-0.85	-0.82	-0.77	-0.73	-0.69	-0.66
		22:00					-0.85	-0.85	-0.85	-0.85	-0.85	-0.86	-0.86	-0.83	-0.78	-0.75	-0.71	-0.67	-0.65
扎兰屯	2022年雪深	6:00	-0.62
		7:00	-0.62	-0.64
		8:00	-0.64	-0.65	-0.68
		9:00	-0.64	-0.65	-0.68	-0.71
		10:00	-0.64	-0.65	-0.67	-0.70	-0.71
		11:00	-0.65	-0.66	-0.68	-0.71	-0.72	-0.70
		12:00	-0.69	-0.70	-0.72	-0.75	-0.76	-0.74	-0.72
		13:00	-0.72	-0.74	-0.76	-0.79	-0.80	-0.78	-0.76	-0.73
		14:00	-0.74	-0.76	-0.79	-0.82	-0.83	-0.82	-0.79	-0.76	-0.73
		15:00	-0.76	-0.78	-0.81	-0.85	-0.86	-0.85	-0.83	-0.80	-0.77	-0.75
		16:00	-0.76	-0.79	-0.82	-0.86	-0.88	-0.87	-0.85	-0.83	-0.80	-0.77	-0.78
		17:00	-0.76	-0.78	-0.82	-0.85	-0.88	-0.86	-0.85	-0.82	-0.79	-0.77	-0.78	-0.79
		18:00	-0.75	-0.78	-0.81	-0.86	-0.88	-0.87	-0.85	-0.83	-0.80	-0.78	-0.79	-0.80	-0.82
		19:00		-0.79	-0.83	-0.86	-0.89	-0.87	-0.86	-0.83	-0.80	-0.78	-0.79	-0.80	-0.82	-0.82
		20:00			-0.84	-0.87	-0.89	-0.88	-0.86	-0.83	-0.80	-0.78	-0.79	-0.80	-0.81	-0.82	-0.82
		21:00				-0.88	-0.90	-0.88	-0.86	-0.83	-0.80	-0.78	-0.78	-0.80	-0.81	-0.81	-0.82	-0.80
		22:00					-0.90	-0.88	-0.86	-0.83	-0.80	-0.78	-0.78	-0.79	-0.81	-0.81	-0.81	-0.79	-0.81

Tab. 1

Fig. 7

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Stepwise regression process and related parameters of 20:00 snow depth and sensitive factors during two rapid snowmelt events at Moqi and Zhalantun sites"

站点	模型		非标准化系数		标准系数	t值	sig	相关性			方差分析		R²	VIF
站点	模型		B	标准误差	Beta	t值	sig	零阶	偏相关	部分相关	F值	sig	R²	VIF
莫旗	Step1	（常量）	-2.750	0.681		-4.038	0.001				152.399	0.000	0.910
	Step1	$T 10 c m 20$	-1.109	0.090	-0.954	-12.345	0.000	-0.954	-0.954	-0.954	152.399	0.000	0.910	1.000
	Step2	（常量）	-4.127	0.734		-5.622	0.000				117.645	0.000	0.944
		$T 10 c m 20$	-1.750	0.234	-1.506	-7.479	0.000	-0.954	-0.894	-0.474				10.111
		$T 0 c m 9$	0.322	0.111	0.582	2.888	0.012	-0.848	0.611	0.183				10.111
扎兰屯	Step1	（常量）	-0.027	0.459		-0.058	0.956				61.365	0.001	0.939
扎兰屯	Step1	$T 0 c m 17$	-0.561	0.072	-0.969	-7.834	0.001	-0.969	-0.969	-0.969	61.365	0.001	0.939	1.000

Tab. 3

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Dynamic snowmelt process and its influencing factors in the eastern farmland region of Hulun Buir

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站点	要素	时间
站点	要素	8:00	9:00	10:00	11:00	12:00	13:00	14:00	15:00	16:00	17:00	18:00	19:00	20:00
2021年莫旗	T_a	-0.80	-0.83	-0.85	-0.85	-0.85	-0.84	-0.84	-0.85	-0.84	-0.82	-0.77	-0.73	-0.69
	W	-0.20	-0.22	-0.26	-0.32	-0.38	-0.41	-0.39	-0.32	-0.22	-0.02	0.15	0.15	0.06
	RH	0.31	0.37	0.45	0.51	0.55	0.57	0.59	0.61	0.60	0.58	0.53	0.50	0.43
	T_s	-0.89	-0.92	-0.92	-0.91	-0.90	-0.91	-0.92	-0.92	-0.90	-0.84	-0.74	-0.64	-0.54
	T_{0 cm}	-0.77	-0.85	-0.89	-0.90	-0.90	-0.90	-0.90	-0.91	-0.93	-0.93	-0.90	-0.84	-0.76
	T_{5 cm}	-0.80	-0.83	-0.86	-0.88	-0.90	-0.91	-0.92	-0.92	-0.93	-0.94	-0.95	-0.95	-0.95
	T_{10 cm}	-0.86	-0.87	-0.88	-0.89	-0.90	-0.91	-0.92	-0.93	-0.94	-0.94	-0.95	-0.95	-0.95
2022年扎兰屯	T_a	-0.84	-0.87	-0.89	-0.88	-0.86	-0.83	-0.80	-0.78	-0.79	-0.80	-0.81	-0.82	-0.82
	W	0.63	0.53	0.30	0.11	-0.05	-0.05	0.06	0.11	-0.23	-0.52	-0.51	-0.53	-0.60
	RH	-0.66	-0.56	-0.28	0.15	0.48	0.58	0.65	0.70	0.71	0.58	0.48	0.40	0.33
	T_s	-0.89	-0.94	-0.93	-0.91	-0.89	-0.84	-0.80	-0.80	-0.86	-0.87	-0.85	-0.83	-0.82
	T_{0 cm}	-0.75	-0.84	-0.90	-0.93	-0.94	-0.94	-0.95	-0.96	-0.97	-0.97	-0.95	-0.92	-0.89
	T_{5 cm}	-0.75	-0.80	-0.84	-0.88	-0.91	-0.94	-0.95	-0.96	-0.97	-0.97	-0.96	-0.96	-0.95
	T_{10 cm}	-0.81	-0.81	-0.84	-0.87	-0.89	-0.91	-0.93	-0.95	-0.96	-0.96	-0.96	-0.96	-0.96

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