黑河中游绿洲边缘三种景观类型土壤水分动态特征及影响因素

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.04.03

Abstract

Abstract:

Soil moisture is indispensable for the growth and development of plants in arid zones and determines the dynamics and direction of the succession of arid plant communities. It is particularly important to investigate the dynamic characteristics of soil moisture in different landscape types at the edge of the oasis in the middle reaches of the Heihe River and to develop effective, scientific, and reasonable measures to prevent wind and fix sand to prevent desertification. This study focused on three landscape types—protected forest landscapes, desert-oasis transition zone landscapes, and desert landscapes—at the edge of the oasis in the middle reaches of the Heihe River. HYDRUS-2D model simulation, LSD analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis were used to study the characteristics of soil moisture dynamics and the influencing factors of the three landscape types. The results were as follows: (1) the RMSE of soil volumetric water content ranged from 0.002 to 0.006 cm³·cm^-3, MRE ranged from 4.22% to 5.20%, and R² ranged from 0.725 to 0.967. The simulation results showed a high degree of agreement with the measured data, and the HYDRUS-2D model can be used for simulation studies of soil moisture in this study area. (2) The soil volumetric water content of protected forest landscapes and desert-oasis transition zone landscapes showed a trend of initial increase and subsequent decrease with increasing soil depth, whereas desert landscapes showed a trend of initial decrease and subsequent increase with increasing soil depth. (3) Effective precipitation plays a decisive role in the dynamics of the soil volumetric water content, and precipitation above 9.5 mm significantly increases the soil moisture content and infiltration depth over a short period. The depth of soil moisture infiltration in all periods after precipitation in desert landscapes was higher than that in protected forest landscapes and desert-oasis transition zone landscapes. (4) The soil volumetric water content of the three landscape types was related to factors such as precipitation, evapotranspiration, bulkiness, soil granular composition, and soil water-holding properties. The soil water-holding properties were significantly correlated with factors such as precipitation and evapotranspiration (P<0.01). Of these, precipitation and clay-powder grain content were significantly positively correlated with soil volumetric water content, whereas bulk weight and sand grain content were significantly negatively correlated with soil volumetric water content. Thus, planting windbreak shrubs in the study area can increase the content of soil sticky powder particles, improve the ability of the soil to collect and utilize rainwater, and slow the process of infiltration, thus positively affecting the soil water-holding properties.

Key words: soil moisture, dynamic change, infiltration characteristics, influencing factors, middle reaches of the Heihe River

HU Guanglu, LIU Peng, LI Jia’nan, TAO Hu, ZHOU Chengqian. Characteristics of soil moisture dynamics and influencing factors of three landscape types at the oasis edge in the middle reaches of the Heihe River[J].Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(4): 550-565.

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景观类型	土层深度 /cm	土壤容重/ (g·cm^-3)	土壤颗粒含量/%
景观类型	土层深度 /cm	土壤容重/ (g·cm^-3)	黏粒 (≤2 μm)	粉粒 (2~50 μm)	砂粒 (≥50 μm)
防护林	0~20	1.43	2.58	34.99	62.43
	20~40	1.42	2.93	36.92	60.15
	40~60	1.37	3.59	46.65	49.76
	60~80	1.31	3.69	53.79	42.52
	80~100	1.42	2.92	40.11	56.97
荒漠- 绿洲过渡带	0~20	1.65	0.17	3.13	96.70
	20~40	1.60	0.17	3.21	96.62
	40~60	1.60	0.17	3.51	96.32
	60~80	1.58	0.18	3.48	96.34
	80~100	1.55	0.17	3.20	96.63
荒漠	0~20	1.55	0.04	4.51	95.45
	20~40	1.53	0.05	3.11	96.84
	40~60	1.48	0.04	4.49	95.47
	60~80	1.48	0.04	7.73	92.23
	80~100	1.46	0.16	7.83	92.01

景观类型	土层深度 /cm	残余含水量θ_r /(cm³·cm^-3)	饱和含水量θ_s /(cm³·cm^-3)	进气吸力α /cm^-1	形状系数 n	饱和导水率 K_s/(cm·d^-1)
防护林	0~20	0.034	0.39	0.033	1.43	143.57
	20~40	0.034	0.39	0.029	1.43	67.72
	40~60	0.029	0.36	0.015	1.47	58.13
	60~80	0.028	0.35	0.009	1.55	69.44
	80~100	0.029	0.36	0.022	1.44	63.46
荒漠- 绿洲过渡带	0~20	0.016	0.34	0.033	3.79	427.90
	20~40	0.023	0.35	0.033	3.90	446.60
	40~60	0.024	0.35	0.033	3.84	455.60
	60~80	0.025	0.36	0.033	3.88	483.20
	80~100	0.027	0.37	0.032	3.98	569.80
荒漠	0~20	0.017	0.34	0.037	3.22	456.65
	20~40	0.019	0.34	0.032	4.24	1182.54
	40~60	0.020	0.37	0.034	3.75	960.86
	60~80	0.016	0.36	0.037	3.17	530.96
	80~100	0.025	0.36	0.038	3.10	530.61

	体积含水量	降水	蒸发	容重	黏粒	粉粒	砂粒	残余含水量	饱和含水量	饱和导水率
体积含水量	1
降水	0.168^**	1
蒸发	-0.225^**	-0.322^**	1
容重	-0.318^**	0	0	1
黏粒	0.411^**	0	0	-0.916^**	1
粉粒	0.365^**	0	0	-0.979^**	0.950^**	1
砂粒	-0.369^**	0	0	0.978^**	-0.955^**	-1.000^**	1
残余含水量	-0.374^**	0	0	0.722^**	-0.785^**	-0.843^**	0.842^**	1
饱和含水量	-0.373^**	0	0	0.767^**	-0.804^**	-0.875^**	0.874^**	0.997^**	1
饱和导水率	-0.485^**	0	0	0.412^**	-0.664^**	-0.528^**	0.538^**	0.627^**	0.609^**	1

	体积含水量	降水	蒸发	容重	黏粒	粉粒	砂粒	残余含水量	饱和含水量	饱和导水率
体积含水量	1
降水	0.245^**	1
蒸发	-0.193^**	-0.322^**	1
容重	-0.583^**	0	0	1
黏粒	0.201^**	0	0	-0.245^**	1
粉粒	0.332^**	0	0	-0.273^**	0.554^**	1
砂粒	-0.333^**	0	0	0.275^**	-0.571^**	-1.000^**	1
残余含水量	0.613^**	0	0	-0.967^**	0.267^**	0.463^**	-0.463^**	1
饱和含水量	0.534^**	0	0	-0.974^**	0.294^**	0.172^**	-0.177^**	0.891^**	1
饱和导水率	0.440^**	0	0	-0.888^**	0.066	-0.040	0.038	0.756^**	0.950^**	1

	体积含水量	降水	蒸发	容重	黏粒	粉粒	砂粒	残余含水量	饱和含水量	饱和导水率
体积含水量	1
降水	0.249^**	1
蒸发	-0.193^**	-0.322^**	1
容重	-0.515^**	0	0	1
黏粒	0.361^**	0	0	-0.045	1
粉粒	0.386^**	0	0	-0.301^**	0.753^**	1
砂粒	-0.388^**	0	0	0.296^**	-0.765^**	-1.000^**	1
残余含水量	0.477^**	0	0	-0.562^**	0.418^**	0.037	-0.048	1
饱和含水量	0.500^**	0	0	-0.961^**	0.105^**	0.495^**	-0.487^**	0.369^**	1
饱和导水率	-0.322^**	0	0	0.148^**	-0.782^**	-0.987^**	0.988^**	0.039	-0.352^**	1

Characteristics of soil moisture dynamics and influencing factors of three landscape types at the oasis edge in the middle reaches of the Heihe River

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景观类型	RMSE/(cm³·cm^-3)	MRE/%	R²
防护林	0.006	5.20	0.725
荒漠-绿洲过渡带	0.002	4.37	0.966
荒漠	0.002	4.22	0.967

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