新疆额尔齐斯河流域平原区地下水水化学特征及高氟水成因机制

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.12.08

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study, we explored the chemical control factors influencing groundwater and the causes of high-fluoride concentrations in the Irtysh River Basin plain, Xinjiang. In 2018, 70 groundwater samples were collected to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of hydrochemical components and fluoride. The mechanisms behind the formation and enrichment of the high-fluoride water were also examined. Using an absolute factor analysis-multiple linear regression model (APCS-MLR), we quantitatively assessed the contributions of various factors to the hydrochemical components of groundwater in the basin. The results show the following: (1) The groundwater in the study area is generally neutral and slightly alkaline. The north of the Irtysh River is dominated by fresh water, while the south is dominated by brackish water. The rates of fluoride exceedance in the north and south of the Irtysh River are 27.91% and 44.44%, respectively. The primary chemical type of groundwater in both areas is HCO₃·SO₄-Na·Ca type. (2) The results of the SOM analysis suggest that fluoride may be derived from fluorine-containing minerals mixed with various elements. The APCS-MLR model indicates that the formation of groundwater chemical components in the study area is mainly affected by leaching enrichment (58.03%), groundwater pH (16.28%), and the primary geological environment (10.28%). (3) The primary factors influencing the formation of high-fluoride groundwater include mineral dissolution and precipitation, evaporation and concentration, rock weathering, and cation exchange. Additionally, the groundwater environment, climatic factors, topography, and human activities significantly contribute to the enrichment of high-fluoride groundwater.

Key words: groundwater, hydrochemistry, fluorine enrichment, Irtysh River Basin Plain

ZHENG Yu, SUN Ying, ZHOU Jinlong, LI Ruyue. Hydrochemical properties and genetic mechanisms of high-fluoride groundwater in the Irtysh River Basin Plain, Xinjiang[J].Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(12): 2056-2070.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Statistical value of main chemical composition parameters in groundwater of Irtysh River"

参数		pH值	TH	TDS	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	HCO₃^-	F^-	Eh /mV	EC /（μS·cm^-1）
参数		pH值					/（mg·L^-1）						Eh /mV	EC /（μS·cm^-1）
额河以北浅层地下水	最小值	7.09	120.20	189.00	0.37	3.69	29.60	5.11	5.50	22.42	146.68	0.22	-38.50	361.00
	最大值	8.22	1206.68	5668.00	58.72	1408.20	338.46	88.05	623.51	2754.53	591.55	2.23	237.80	5980.00
	中间值	7.55	400.19	798.00	4.60	108.60	118.72	21.60	58.27	263.91	285.26	0.80	173.90	971.00
	C_v/%	3.94	52.88	101.16	140.23	148.99	54.76	70.91	128.78	140.03	34.44	55.15	40.19	85.49
	超标率/%	0.00	25.71	28.57	-	20.00	-	-	5.71	54.29	-	25.71	-	-
额河以北中层地下水	最小值	7.29	146.31	180.00	1.20	9.53	45.62	7.83	9.76	23.37	141.13	0.33	97.50	240.00
	最大值	7.92	932.79	1474.00	5.19	95.71	299.42	45.05	111.48	413.71	447.42	0.52	198.80	1652.00
	中间值	7.90	274.32	352.00	4.50	25.37	90.53	11.74	13.87	51.30	261.24	0.50	196.60	489.00
	C_v/%	4.64	93.54	105.09	58.75	105.36	93.29	94.96	127.85	133.67	54.48	23.20	35.22	94.96
	超标率/%	0.00	33.33	33.33	-	0	-	-	0	33.33	-	0	-	-
额河以北深层地下水	最小值	7.64	43.93	310.00	0.52	26.15	9.58	4.70	15.04	63.38	108.10	0.75	45.50	412.00
	最大值	8.21	256.04	462.00	1.80	132.40	88.57	13.52	108.62	106.66	195.18	1.26	243.40	612.00
	中间值	7.99	169.98	328.00	0.85	56.75	49.41	10.64	16.14	87.76	184.67	1.12	193.50	520.00
	C_v/%	2.60	55.16	18.14	49.21	64.11	69.90	34.28	97.70	21.66	24.68	18.64	48.01	15.84
	超标率/%	0.00	0	0	-	0	-	-	0	0	-	60.00	-	-
额河以南浅层地下水	最小值	6.50	76.22	314.00	0.79	28.32	16.37	8.47	19.37	101.33	75.07	0.38	75.30	567.00
	最大值	8.24	6718.16	35776.0	86.82	10080.0	1259.77	1008.52	17227.2	4403.05	415.60	3.84	196.70	2800.00
	中间值	7.52	603.99	1224.00	11.112	158.00	185.87	32.87	117.80	469.71	268.00	0.98	154.80	1132.00
	C_v/%	6.72	156.25	230.34	124.22	275.52	117.15	237.58	318.47	130.70	42.80	75.75	20.57	253.62
	超标率	0.00	61.11	66.67	-	33.33	-	-	27.78	72.22	-	44.44	-	-
额河以南中层地下水	最小值	6.74	90.44	138.00	0.91	13.60	32.59	2.08	3.25	35.82	90.08	0.24	120.50	270.00
	最大值	8.08	1467.30	3689.66	33.80	638.98	401.12	113.13	606.84	1604.52	451.05	1.67	158.10	911.00
	中间值	7.74	156.33	598.00	1.07	145.20	40.27	13.74	103.84	200.81	105.10	1.26	139.30	590.50
	C_v/%	9.26	135.92	130.93	158.83	123.98	133.29	141.98	135.89	140.46	94.80	69.76	19.09	76.76
	超标率/%	0.00	33.33	33.33	-	33.33	-	-	33.33	33.33	-	66.67	-	-
额河以南深层地下水	最小值	7.07	15.50	136.00	0.36	49.51	3.27	1.89	7.84	28.09	97.79	0.20	120.10	214.90
	最大值	8.37	939.90	1690.00	19.07	330.50	281.72	57.40	373.71	654.68	363.34	1.62	1252.00	1955.00
	中间值	7.65	333.84	1120.00	3.92	177.97	81.76	27.50	134.75	318.05	171.91	0.84	165.00	1252.00
	C_v/%	5.90	79.47	51.19	122.93	52.64	90.17	61.11	88.69	60.88	56.66	53.52	135.15	54.72
	超标率/%	0.00	33.33	66.67	-	33.33	-	-	33.33	83.33	-	33.33	-	-

Tab. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Tab. 2

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

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		解释的总方差			旋转成分矩阵
公因子	化学指标	初始特征值			化学指标	公因子
公因子	化学指标	合计	方差贡献率/%	累计贡献率/%	化学指标	1	2	3
1	pH	6.964	58.03	58.030	pH	0.161	-0.838	0.178
2	TDS	1.954	16.279	74.309	TDS	0.996	-0.054	-0.032
3	Ca²⁺	1.234	10.282	84.591	Ca²⁺	0.956	0.155	-0.005
4	K⁺	0.856	7.135	91.726	K⁺	0.52	0.556	0.114
5	Na⁺	0.583	4.856	96.582	Na⁺	0.991	-0.092	-0.039
6	Mg²⁺	0.257	2.145	98.727	Mg²⁺	0.991	-0.049	-0.057
7	Cl^-	0.090	0.751	99.478	Cl^-	0.982	-0.11	-0.083
8	SO₄^2-	0.058	0.486	99.965	SO₄^2-	0.911	0.053	0.147
9	HCO₃^-	0.002	0.018	99.983	HCO₃^-	-0.082	0.862	0.308
10	F^-	0.002	0.016	99.999	F^-	-0.07	-0.142	0.892
11	EC	0.000	0.001	100.000	EC	0.993	-0.064	-0.047
12	Eh	0.000	0.000	100.000	Eh	-0.021	-0.232	-0.578

Hydrochemical properties and genetic mechanisms of high-fluoride groundwater in the Irtysh River Basin Plain, Xinjiang

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