和田地区地下水中氟的分布特征及形成过程

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.01.16

Abstract

Abstract:

Hotan Prefecture is located in southwestern Xinjiang, and is characterized by a dry climate and sparse rainfall. Groundwater is an important source of drinking water in this area, therefore, determining the distribution of fluorine and the causes of the presence of this element in groundwater in the area is of great significance for human health. Based on the results of a group of 217 shallow groundwater quality tests conducted in Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, from 2002 to 2018, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and formation of fluoride in shallow groundwater were here studied using GIS software, mathematical statistics, Gibbs diagrams, hydrogeochemical simulations, and other methods. The results show that the variation range of fluorine in groundwater was 0.05-16.95 mg·L^-1, with an average value of 1.38 mg·L^-1, and the over-standard rate was as high as 36.1%. In terms of its spatial distribution, the high-fluorine groundwater was distributed sporadically within a small range, while vertically, the fluorine content decreased with the increase of well depth. With time, the groundwater fluorine content also showed an increasing trend, suggesting a specific relationship with the hydrochemical environment. High alkalinity and HCO^-₃ concentrations will increase the solubility of fluoride in groundwater. In addition to the primary hydrogeological conditions and hydrochemical environment, strong evaporation concentration, water-rock interactions, and cation exchange adsorption have some effects on the migration and enrichment of fluorine.

Key words: Hotan Prefecture, high-fluoride groundwater, cause analysis, hydrogeochemical model

SHI Wenwen,ZHOU Jinlong,ZENG Yanyan,SUN Ying. Distribution characteristics and formation of fluorinein groundwater in Hotan Prefecture[J].Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(1): 155-164.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 2

The relationship between water chemistry type and F- (n=119)"

地下水类型	水化学类型	$F ¯ -$ /(mg·L^-1)
潜水	HCO₃∙Cl∙SO₄-Na∙Ca	0.59
	HCO₃∙Cl∙SO₄-Na∙Ca∙Mg	0.92
	Cl∙SO₄-Na∙Ca	0.68
	Cl∙SO₄-Na∙Mg	1.31
	Cl∙SO₄-Na	1.61
	Cl-Na	2.60
浅层承压水	HCO₃∙Cl∙SO₄-Na·Mg	0.95
	SO₄-Na∙Mg	0.44
	Cl∙SO₄-Na∙Ca∙Mg	0.59
	Cl∙SO₄-Na∙Mg	6.68
	Cl∙SO₄-Na	2.18
	Cl-Na	4.31

Tab. 2

Fig. 3

Tab. 3

Fig. 4

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

Pearson correlation table between ions (n=119)"

	pH	TDS	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	$S O 4 2 -$	$HCO 3 -$	F^-
pH	1.000
TDS	0.229^*	1.000
K⁺	0.248^**	0.942^**	1.000
Na⁺	0.245^**	0.991^**	0.946^**	1.000
Ca²⁺	-0.197^*	0.150	0.072	0.037	1.000
Mg²⁺	0.118	0.696^**	0.562^**	0.598^**	0.546^**	1.000
Cl^-	0.225^*	0.984^**	0.977^**	0.988^**	0.079	0.602^**	1.000
$S O 4 2 -$	0.198^*	0.932^**	0.782^**	0.887^**	0.343^**	0.854^**	0.857^**	1.000
$HC O 3 -$	0.258^**	0.921^**	0.857^**	0.933^**	-0.041	0.565^**	0.900^**	0.833^**	1.000
F^-	0.202^*	0.411^**	0.450^**	0.392^**	0.073	0.367^**	0.397^**	0.400^**	0.383^**	1.000

Tab. 5

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Tab. 6

Hydrologic point analysis data for each path (n=6) /(mg·L-1)"

参数	潜水（路径Ⅰ）			浅层承压水（路径Ⅱ）
参数	a（起点）	b	c（终点）	a'（起点）	b'	c'（终点）
pH	8.64	8.28	8.32	8	8.25	8.23
TDS	535.5	8465.29	1895.74	2702.63	10249.74	4578.02
K⁺	8.89	171.68	27.31	29.87	193.70	93.65
Na⁺	81.90	1584.61	369.62	413.79	2170.10	1057.59
Ca²⁺	47.34	381.14	40.12	196.82	377.58	220.66
Mg²⁺	29.69	498.85	143.57	199.78	690.70	175.21
Cl^-	120.46	2905.16	488.92	371.29	2976.01	1417.15
$S O 4 2 -$	105.37	2543.81	635.46	1391.14	3607.56	1361.67
$HCO 3 -$	214.92	708.26	341.92	162.35	390.61	464.03
F^-	0.44	1.42	3.88	0.44	16.2	2.18

Tab. 6

Tab. 7

Reverse hydrogeochemical simulation results table (n=119) /(mol·L-1)"

路径	潜水			浅层承压水
路径	a~b	b~c	总和	a'~b'	b'~c'	总和
NaX	$2.008 × 10 - 3$	$4.594 × 10 - 3$	$6.602 × 10 - 3$	$8.190 × 10 - 3$	$1.308 × 10 - 2$	$2.127 × 10 - 2$
CaX₂	$- 1.044 × 10 - 3$	$- 2.297 × 10 - 3$	$- 3.341 × 10 - 3$	$- 4.095 × 10 - 3$	$- 5.189 × 10 - 3$	$- 9.284 × 10 - 3$
CO₂	$6.278 × 10 - 3$	$3.207 × 10 - 3$	$9.485 × 10 - 3$	$3.459 × 10 - 3$	$4.332 × 10 - 3$	$7.781 × 10 - 3$
硬石膏	$- 2.773 × 101$	$- 2.775 × 101$	$- 5.548 × 101$	$- 2.772 × 101$	$- 2.774 × 101$	$- 5.546 × 101$
方解石	$- 3.426 × 10 - 2$	$- 9.609 × 10 - 3$	$- 4.207 × 10 - 2$	$- 5.347 × 10 - 2$	$- 1.039 × 10 - 2$	$- 6.386 × 10 - 2$
白云石	$2.070 × 10 - 2$	$6.509 × 10 - 3$	$2.721 × 10 - 2$	$2.871 × 10 - 2$	$7.526 × 10 - 3$	$3.624 × 10 - 2$
萤石	$3.770 × 10 - 5$	$1.023 × 10 - 4$	$1.400 × 10 - 4$	$4.308 × 10 - 4$	$5.765 × 10 - 5$	$4.885 × 10 - 4$
石膏	$2.776 × 101$	$2.775 × 101$	$5.551 × 101$	$2.775 × 101$	$2.776 × 101$	$5.551 × 101$
岩盐	$7.440 × 10 - 2$	$1.313 × 10 - 2$	$8.753 × 10 - 2$	$8.483 × 10 - 2$	$3.816 × 10 - 2$	$1.230 × 10 - 1$

Tab. 7

Fig. 8

References 25

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类型	统计量	pH	TDS	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	HCO₃^-	F^-
潜水	最小值	7.01	414.9	7.0	32.0	11.6	12.4	92.1	19.0	36.6	0.10
	最大值	9.63	41282.7	578.3	13582.1	401.1	760.5	14348.6	9889.7	3954.0	16.95
	平均值	8.04	2006.6	32.2	477.1	90.8	84.1	600.2	533.4	343.6	1.23
	标准差	0.46	4251.8	63.7	1387.4	61.0	111.3	1501.9	1058.5	402.6	1.84
	变异系数	5.7	211.9	197.5	290.8	67.3	132.3	250.2	198.4	117.2	150.05
	偏度	0.1	7.7	6.8	8.2	2.5	3.7	7.6	6.8	7.0	6.3
浅层承压水	最小值	7.86	536.2	9.5	65.3	32.1	29.1	99.2	146.4	85.5	0.44
	最大值	8.48	25818.2	710.0	8848.9	377.6	690.7	12364.6	3607.6	1933.1	16.20
	平均值	8.18	6068.8	143.3	1674.1	146.0	191.8	2312.8	1330.4	490.1	3.56
	标准差	0.19	8039.7	222.0	2790.0	109.8	200.2	3906.6	1168.9	567.1	4.93
	变异系数	2.3	132.5	154.9	166.7	75.2	104.4	168.9	87.9	115.7	138.4
	偏度	0.3	2.2	2.5	2.5	1.1	2.2	2.6	1.0	2.4	2.5
全水样	最小值	7.01	414.9	7.0	32.1	11.6	12.4	92.1	19.0	36.6	0.05
	最大值	9.63	41282.7	710.0	13582.1	401.1	760.5	14348.6	9889.7	3954.0	16.95
	平均值	8.05	2279.7	39.7	557.6	94.5	91.4	715.3	587.0	353.5	1.38
	标准差	0.45	4716.2	88.7	1552.0	66.9	122.4	1820.5	1084.8	417.3	2.27
	变异系数	5.6	206.9	223.4	278.3	70.8	133.9	254.5	184.8	118.1	164.7
	偏度	0.1	6.2	6.0	6.7	2.4	3.5	6.1	6.0	6.3	5.4

类型	统计量	墨玉县（n=24）	和田县（n=9）	和田市（n=9）	洛浦县（n=28）	策勒县（n=17）	于田县（n=13）	民丰县（n=18）
潜水	最大值	1.96	1.19	5.06	4.65	1.06	3.88	16.95
	最小值	0.24	<0.05	0.49	0.1	0.3	0.36	0.28
	平均值	0.92	0.66	1.55	1.14	0.62	1.07	3.10
浅层承压水	最大值	-	-	-	-	-	2.83	16.2
	最小值	-	-	-	-	-	1.01	0.44
	平均值	-	-	-	-	-	1.92	4.11

取样点编号	2002年	2011年	2014年
X₁	0.48	0.89	-
X₂	0.33	0.38	-
X₃	-	0.44	0.46
X₄	-	0.31	0.16
X₅	-	0.79	1.50
X₆	0.37	0.70	0.40
X₇	0.22	0.27	0.60

Distribution characteristics and formation of fluorinein groundwater in Hotan Prefecture

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