石河子市浅层地下水化学特征及其成因分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.01.08

Abstract

Abstract:

We studied the groundwater hydrochemical characteristics from the Shihezi City, Xinjiang. We used descriptive statistics and trilinear diagrams of Piper to analyze the main groundwater chemical contents and hydrochemical types of 19 phreatic groundwater and 25 shallows confined to groundwater samples. We used Schoeller diagram, Gibbs diagram and ion ratio diagram to analyze the causes of groundwater chemical characteristics formation. The shallow groundwater had weak alkaline water with low salinity, and the total groundwater hardness was 68.4%. The groundwater total dissolved solids were 97.7% in fresh groundwater. The main cations were Ca²⁺ and Na⁺+K⁺, and the main anions were HCO₃^- and SO₄^2-. The groundwater recharge sources were different in space, and ions might migrate from relatively high concentration points to relatively low concentration points along the groundwater flow direction. The primary groundwater hydrochemical types were HCO₃-Ca and HCO₃·SO₄-Ca, followed by HCO₃·SO₄-Na. The Gibbs diagram results showed that the phreatic groundwater was mainly affected by both rock weathering and infiltration recharge after evaporation-concentration of surface water, while shallow confined groundwater was affected primarily by rock weathering. The saturation index method and ion ratio diagram indicated that the main ions in groundwater originated from the dissolution of evaporite. The dissolution of halite was the primary source of K⁺ and Na⁺ in groundwater, and the dissolution of evaporite or calcium magnesium silicate was the main source of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺. There was a negative correlation between γ(Na⁺-Cl^-) and γ(Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺)-γ(HCO₃^- + SO₄^2-), indicated that cation exchange also played an essential role in the hydrochemical formation of shallow groundwater. Shihezi City is a typical oasis city in the Northwest arid region. Our results revealed the formation mechanism of shallow groundwater and provided a scientific basis for the rational development and utilization of shallow groundwater and water treatment.

Key words: shallow groundwater, hydrochemical characteristics, cause analysis, Shihezi City

ZENG Xiaoxian,ZENG Yanyan,ZHOU Jinlong,LEI Mi,SUN Ying. Hydrochemical characteristics and cause analysis of the shallow groundwater in Shihezi City[J].Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(1): 68-75.

Figures/Tables 8

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References 25

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地下水类型	统计值	pH	TH	TDS	K⁺+Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-		HCO₃^-
潜水（n=19）	最大值/（mg·L^-1）	8.34	1076.0	2400.3	361.3	245.7	112.4	355.6	1121.4	366.5
	最小值/（mg·L^-1）	7.27	81.1	176.0	10.5	13.2	4.9	14.2	29.7	85.5
	平均值/（mg·^-1）	7.91	273.1	513.4	66.3	74.7	20.7	58.3	178.5	174.5
	标准差/（mg·L^-1）	0.32	223.06	492.03	77.19	53.15	23.47	75.88	241.98	76.67
	变异系数/%	4.05	81.68	95.84	116.43	71.15	113.38	130.15	135.56	43.94
浅层承压水（n=25）	最大值/（mg·L^-1）	8.35	784.4	1413.1	190.5	213.4	72.8	234.7	589.7	403.1
	最小值/（mg·L^-1）	7.06	77.5	150.0	18.5	23.5	4.8	8.5	25.0	100.7
	平均值/（mg·L^-1）	7.82	312.0	531.1	52.1	81.8	26.2	45.2	199.8	207.1
	标准差/（mg·L^-1）	0.28	214.26	341.04	42.04	56.91	20.97	47.34	168.08	94.20
	变异系数/%	3.58	68.67	64.21	80.69	69.57	80.04	104.73	84.12	45.49

地下水类型	统计值	方解石（CaCO₃）	白云石[CaMg（CO₃）₂]	石膏（CaSO₄·2H₂O）	岩盐（NaCl）
潜水（n=19）	最大值/（g·L^-1）	1	1.58	-0.51	-5.57
	平均值/（g·L^-1）	0.46	0.68	-1.63	-7.33
	最小值/（g·L^-1）	-0.18	-0.58	-2.72	-8.3
	最大值/（g·L^-1）	1.05	1.84	-0.68	-6
浅层承压水（n=25）	平均值/（g·L^-1）	0.45	0.69	-1.57	-7.48
浅层承压水（n=25）	最小值/（g·L^-1）	-0.54	-1.39	-2.52	-8.39

Hydrochemical characteristics and cause analysis of the shallow groundwater in Shihezi City

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