干旱区绿洲膜下滴灌棉田蒸散发

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.01.16

Abstract

Abstract:

Crop evapotranspiration is the main way of water consumption in the process of farmland water cycle in arid region. It plays an important role in the study of the law of water consumption and formulating scientific irrigation systems under climate change in arid regions. A large-scale weighing lysimeter was used to monitor evapotranspiration of drip irrigation cotton field for 3 consecutive years. Drip irrigation under mulch film and no mulch film were compared to analyze the influence of film mulching and meteorological factors on evapotranspiration. Results showed that (1) in the whole growth period of cotton, the average evapotranspiration of drip irrigation cotton field under mulch film and under no mulch film were 292.15 and 429.22 mm, respectively. The method of drip irrigation under mulch film can reduce evapotranspiration by 31.95%. (2) The relationship between evapotranspiration and evapotranspiration intensity in different growth stages was as follows: blooming and boll stage > budding stage > boll opening stage > seedling stage. (3) The drip irrigation cotton field condenses from 00:00 to 08:00 and evaporated and transpired from 08:00 to 23:00. The evapotranspiration reached the maximum in the afternoon. The maximum appeared at the earliest stage in seedling stage, and at the latest in blooming and boll stage. (4) Evapotranspiration is positively correlated with wind speed, radiation, and temperature and negatively correlated with humidity and air pressure. (5) Rainfall can promote evapotranspiration in cotton fields under drip irrigation. Overall, drip irrigation under mulch film can effectively reduce the evaporation and improve the water use efficiency in the process of agricultural production.

Key words: evapotranspiration, cotton field under drip irrigation, lysimeter, arid region

LIU Yanxue, QIAO Changlu. Study on evapotranspiration of cotton field under drip irrigation in oasis of arid region[J].Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(1): 152-162.

Figures/Tables 13

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年份	2019年	2020年	2021年
有效数据数量	3504(146 d)	3696(154 d)	3456(144 d)
Cohen’s Kappa系数	0.87	0.92	0.89

生育期			苗期	蕾期	花铃期	吐絮期	合计
2019年	蒸散量/mm	覆膜	27.45	77.53	141.74	34.68	281.40
	蒸散量/mm	不覆膜	48.65	102.98	200.45	69.92	422.00
	蒸散强度/（mm·d^-1）	覆膜	0.70	2.87	3.37	0.91	1.93
	蒸散强度/（mm·d^-1）	不覆膜	1.25	3.81	4.77	1.84	2.89
	蒸散量(强度)降低率/%		43.58	24.71	29.29	50.40	33.32
2020年	蒸散量/mm	覆膜	31.83	61.95	172.71	36.42	302.91
	蒸散量/mm	不覆膜	60.27	81.00	240.33	65.07	446.66
	蒸散强度/（mm·d^-1）	覆膜	0.78	2.14	3.93	0.91	1.97
	蒸散强度/（mm·d^-1）	不覆膜	1.47	2.79	5.46	1.63	2.90
	蒸散量(强度)降低率/%		47.18	23.52	28.14	44.03	32.18
2021年	蒸散量/mm	覆膜	24.10	41.39	173.43	53.21	292.14
	蒸散量/mm	不覆膜	48.15	68.53	226.88	75.44	419.00
	蒸散强度/(mm·d^-1)	覆膜	0.75	1.53	3.85	1.33	2.03
	蒸散强度/(mm·d^-1)	不覆膜	1.50	2.54	5.04	1.89	2.91
	蒸散量(强度)降低率/%		49.95	39.60	23.56	29.46	30.28

生育阶段	2019年	2020年	2021年
苗期	5月12日	5月12日	5月13日
蕾期	6月17日	6月19日	6月24日
花铃期	8月13日	8月13日	8月13日
吐絮期	9月15日	9月15日	9月15日

分析条件		风速	辐射	气温	湿度	气压	备注
相关系数	覆膜	0.32	0.21	0.49	-0.48	-0.57	P<0.05
相关系数	不覆膜	0.34	0.21	0.47	-0.47	-0.57	P<0.05
线性回归	覆膜	蒸散量=49.59+风速×0.46+辐射×0.01+气温×0.16-湿度×0.07-气压×0.59					R²=0.61
线性回归	不覆膜	蒸散量=88.95+风速×0.66+辐射×0.01+气温×0.15-湿度×0.09-气压×0.99					R²=0.60

分析条件		风速	风向	辐射	气温	湿度	气压	备注
苗期	覆膜	0.833	0.823	0.828	0.839	-0.590	-0.572	P<0.05
苗期	不覆膜	0.815	0.780	0.884	0.787	-0.434	-0.731
蕾期	覆膜	0.744	0.771	0.854	0.782	-0.476	-0.584
蕾期	不覆膜	0.756	0.795	0.839	0.817	-0.429	-0.602
花铃期	覆膜	0.780	0.876	0.833	0.895	-0.673	-0.406
花铃期	不覆膜	0.846	0.920	0.842	0.934	-0.663	-0.432
吐絮期	覆膜	0.758	0.861	0.795	0.896	-0.639	-0.304
吐絮期	不覆膜	0.845	0.867	0.843	0.887	-0.605	-0.480

Study on evapotranspiration of cotton field under drip irrigation in oasis of arid region

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分析条件	2019年	2020年	2021年	典型晴天日平均值	花铃期日平均值
覆膜/（mm·d^-1）	5.37	5.11	5.20	5.23	3.72
不覆膜/（mm·d^-1）	8.25	8.07	8.16	8.16	5.09
蒸散量降低率/%	34.93	36.71	36.30	35.97	26.98

分析条件		2019年	2020年	2021年	典型雨天日平均值
降雨前/（mm·d^-1）	覆膜	3.21	3.30	3.16	3.22
降雨前/（mm·d^-1）	不覆膜	4.22	4.24	4.13	4.20
蒸散量降低率/%		23.93	22.17	23.49	23.19
降雨后/（mm·d^-1）	覆膜	5.17	5.25	5.18	5.20
降雨后/（mm·d^-1）	不覆膜	7.09	7.22	7.11	7.14
蒸散量降低率/%		27.08	27.29	27.14	27.17

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