新疆气候干湿变化特征及其影响因素

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.12.01

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on daily observations from 56 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2019, this study analyzed dry-wet conditions, changes, and their underlying driving factors in Xinjiang. The main findings are as follows: (1) In the past 59 years, the Xinjiang climate has changed significantly from dry to wet, with the aridity index (AI) changing at a rate of 0.01·(10a)^-1 (P < 0.01). The number of stations with a significant upward trend of AI accounted for 57.1%. (2) The annual precipitation in Xinjiang increased significantly at a rate of 8.6 mm·(10a)^-1 from 1961 to 2019, consistent with the change in AI. Conversely, the annual reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) showed a significant decreasing trend at a rate of -15.7 mm·(10a)^-1. However, it is worth noting that ET₀ transitioned around 1990. ET₀ continued to decrease before 1990 and then switched to a fluctuating upward trend. (3) Wind speed and relative humidity primarily influenced ET₀ variation. Wind speed exhibited a consistent decreasing trend across the entire region, while approximately half of the stations observed a decline in relative humidity. The combined effect of these factors significantly decreased ET₀ at nearly 50% of the stations in Xinjiang. Moreover, trends in relative humidity from increasing to decreasing trends and wind speed from decreasing to increasing around 1990 contribute to the differences in ET₀ trends between the two periods. The conclusions achieved here provide valuable insights into understanding the dry-wet changes and their underlying driving factors in Xinjiang and have implications for the rational development and use of water resources in this region.

Key words: climate dry-wet changes, aridity index, evapotranspiration, driving factors, Xinjiang

DONG Hanlin, WANG Wenting, XIE Yun, Aydana YESINALI, JIANG Yuantian, XU Jiaqi. Climate dry-wet conditions, changes, and their driving factors in Xinjiang[J].Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(12): 1875-1884.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Tab. 1

Variation trend of different variables of 56 stations in Xinjiang during 1961-2019 based on Mann-Kendall test (P=0.05)"

变量	上升趋势		下降趋势		倾向率/(10a)^-1
变量	比例/%	显著/%	比例/%	显著/%	倾向率/(10a)^-1
干燥度指数AI (0~1)	98.2	57.1	1.8	1.8	0.01^**
年降水量/mm	94.6	69.6	3.6	1.8	8.6^**
年潜在蒸散量/mm	32.1	16.1	67.9	50.0	-15.7^**
气温/℃	98.2	96.4	1.8	1.8	0.3^**
相对湿度/%	53.6	26.8	46.4	30.4	0.0
风速/(m $?$ s^-1)	14.3	7.1	85.7	75.0	-0.1^**
日照时数/h	25.0	8.9	75.0	53.6	-0.1^**

Tab. 1

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

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Climate dry-wet conditions, changes, and their driving factors in Xinjiang

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