和田地区沙尘暴时间分布及变化特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.05.12

Abstract

Abstract:

Using the sandstorm monitoring data of four weather stations from 1961 to 2018, we have analyzed the temporal distribution characteristics and variation trend of sandstorm frequency and duration in Hotan. We also discuss the causes of long-term variation in sandstorms. Our chief findings reveal that Hotan has one of the highest occurrences of sandstorms in China, at 20.4 days per year. The frequency is highest in spring and summer, and the peak is in May. The sandstorms in December are the longest in duration, and those in June are the shortest. The sandstorms that occur most often are those lasting for 1-30 min. Although sandstorms in Hotan might occur at any time of the day, we found that most appeared between 18:00 and 23:00, and those that occurred in the middle of the midnight to morning lasted the longest. In the Hotan region, sandstorms can appear from 16 different wind directions; the wind speed and frequency of sandstorms coming from the western path are higher than are those from the other paths. And those sandstorms in the study region can be caused by the wind which was at the maximum average speed of 3.0 m·s^-1, and 87.5% of the storms occurred while the wind has not reach the standard. Over the last 58 years, the number of annual sandstorm days, the number of annual gale days, and the annual average maximum wind speed in Hotan have decreased significantly. Sandstorm frequency peaked in the 1960s and has decreased sharply since the 1990s. The durations of the sandstorms in the 1970s-1980s were the longest during the past century; the durations have shortened significantly since the 2000s. The decline in the frequency of sandstorms in Hotan Prefecture is related to the decreasing local gale frequency, the weakening of the daily maximum wind speed, and the improvement of the vegetation cover.

Key words: the frequency of sandstorm, duration, variation characteristics, Hotan Prefecture

Mamatabdulla Emer,Ayxamgul Mamat,Sayran Wayli,CHEN Tianyu,Bupatima Aibaidulla,Ayxam Mamattuhti,MAO Weiyi. Temporal distribution and variation characteristics of sandstorms in Hotan Prefecture[J].Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(5): 1306-1317.

Figures/Tables 21

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站名	总次数/d	年平均/d	最多天数/出现年	最少天数/出现年
皮山县	1022	17.6	48 d/1962年	1 d/2011年
和田市	1173	20.2	42 d/1963年	0 d/2012年
于田县	664	11.4	28 d/1964年	2 d/2012年
民丰县	1871	32.3	62 d/1985年	17 d/2015年
和田地区	1182.5	20.4	39.8 d/1963年	6.8 d/2012年

站名	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季
皮山县	8.2	8.0	1.1	0.4
和田市	9.8	8.5	1.5	0.5
于田县	6.5	4.2	0.5	0.2
民丰县	13.3	15.0	2.7	1.3
和田地区	9.4	8.9	1.4	0.6

站名	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季
皮山县	1 h 28 min	1 h	1 h 15 min	1 h 30 min
和田市	2 h 8 min	1 h 43 min	1 h 59 min	2 h 37 min
于田县	1 h 11 min	1 h 1 min	1 h 13 min	1 h 38 min
民丰县	3 h 1 min	2 h 52 min	2 h 43 min	2 h 44 min
和田地区	1 h 57 min	1 h 39 min	1 h 48 min	2 h 7 min

站名	N	NNE	NE	ENE	E	ESE	SE	SSE	S	SSW	SW	WSW	W	WNW	NW	NNW	平均	最大	最小
皮山县	7.0	6.7	5.9	7.5	6.5	6.0	7.7	5.0	6.4	7.2	8.0	8.2	8.3	7.7	8.3	7.7	7.9	18.4	3.7
和田市	6.8	6.9	6.3	6.6	6.5	5.7	7.6	7.3	7.8	7.0	7.7	8.3	8.3	8.0	9.1	8.1	8.0	17.3	3.5
于田县	6.1	6.6	6.3	6.5	6.7	6.9	7.5	9.5	7.9	7.0	8.0	7.8	8.5	8.9	8.2	8.2	8.1	16.0	3.3
民丰县	7.6	7.5	7.2	7.2	6.8	7.0	7.5	7.2	7.0	8.1	9.0	8.8	8.3	8.5	7.0	8.3	8.4	20.0	3.0
和田地区	6.9	6.9	6.4	6.9	6.6	6.4	7.6	7.2	7.3	7.3	8.2	8.3	8.3	8.3	8.2	8.1	8.1	17.9	3.4

站名	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季
皮山县	-2.6^**	-2.3^*	-0.5	-0.2
和田市	-2.9^**	-2.5^**	-0.6	-0.3
于田县	-1.6	-1.0	-0.1	-0.1
民丰县	-1.3	-0.8	-0.1	-0.4
和田地区	-2.1^*	-1.7	-0.3	-0.2

Temporal distribution and variation characteristics of sandstorms in Hotan Prefecture

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站点	1960s	1970s	1980s	1990s	2000s	2010s
皮山县	34.6	23.4	16.8	14.4	7.0	7.5
和田市	32.5	31.0	26.0	14.3	10.0	4.4
于田县	17.2	15.9	14.2	8.5	5.8	6.0
民丰县	38.3	28.8	43.9	28.6	29.8	22.1
和田地区	30.7	24.8	25.2	16.5	13.2	10.0

站名	各年代平均持续时间							最长持续时间
站名	1960s	1970s	1980s	1990s	2000s	2010s	平均	时长	日期/年-月-日
皮山县	1 h 22 min	1 h 16 min	1 h 21 min	52 min	1 h 5 min	24 min	1 h 15 min	15 h 40 min	1961-06-10
和田市	2 h 3 min	2 h 7 min	1 h 58 min	1 h 42 min	1 h 31 min	1 h	1 h 58 min	21 h 40 min	1964-04-25
于田县	44 min	1 h 10 min	1 h 23 min	1 h 24 min	1 h 17 min	37 min	1 h 8 min	9 h 14 min	1984-04-19
民丰县	2 h 36 min	3 h 5 min	3 h 2 min	3 h 23 min	2 h 43 min	2 h 2 min	2 h 55 min	28 h 18 min	1989-05-25
和田地区	1 h 41 min	1 h 55 min	1 h 56 min	1 h 50 min	1 h 39 min	1 h 1 min	1 h 49 min	18 h 43 min	-

站点	气温/℃	地表温度/℃	气压/hPa	降水量/mm	相对湿度/%	蒸发量/mm	日照时数/h
皮山县	-0.54^**	-0.62^**	0.39^**	-0.23	0.16	-0.25	-0.52^**
和田市	-0.66^**	-0.68^**	0.31^*	-0.29^*	0.35^**	-0.32^*	-0.33^*
于田县	-0.30^*	-0.43^**	-0.41^**	-0.10	-0.25	-0.24	-0.28^*
民丰县	-0.28^*	-0.37^**	-0.04	-0.25	-0.13	-0.07	-0.21
和田地区	-0.63^**	-0.66^**	0.09	-0.27^*	0.12	-0.40^**	-0.54^**

年份	森林面积	耕地面积	草地面积
1985	4.67	15.97	262.72
1991	14.16	15.83
1996	14.25	15.97
2000	31.59	17.29	250.19
2006	53.55	16.8	253.9
2010	79.93	22.43
2015	125.67
2020	129.39	22.11	262.72

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