青海湖东沙地不同植被恢复措施下土壤水分变化特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.01.09

Abstract

Abstract:

Spatial-temporal heterogeneity of soil moisture is the main driving force for variation of vegetation patterns and processes in the desert, directly affecting plant growth in arid and semi-arid regions. Here, we used the dunes of planted sand-fixing plants (Populus sylvestris, Pinus sylvestris, Hippophae rhamnoides, and Salix cheilophila) at the eastern sandy shore of Qinghai Lake as study site and compared them to natural fixed dunes dominated by Artemisia ordosica. Our objectives were to analyze how soil’s moisture and geomorphological features influence the plants’ distribution in alpine semi-arid sandy lands. Our results showed that: (1) Precipitation, vegetation transpiration, soil’s surface evaporation were the main environmental features affecting soil’s seasonal moisture content, that varied among species, but that was the highest in July; (2) Depending on the dune’s position, soil moisture content might be different, even for the same species: Populus simonii had the most increased soil’s moisture content windward, while P. sylvestris, H. rhamnoides, and S. cheilophila had the most increased soil’s moisture content when leeward, and A. ordosica had the highest soil’s moisture content at dune’s top. However, geomorphology only played a significant difference in soil’s moisture content for S. cheilophila (P<0.05). Soil’s water content for different species in the same position was also different: At the windward, soil’s water content for P. sylvestris was 1. 81% and that of A. ordosica was 3.48%. At the dune’s top, the soil’s water content for S. cheilophila was 1. 82%, while that for A. ordosica was 3.58%. There was no significant difference in soil’s moisture content among species at the leeward, but that for S. cheilophila was 3.41%; (3) Soil’s moisture varied with depth and was the highest at 10-20 cm. The soil’s moisture vertical distribution also varied according to the plant species: it increased with depth with P. simonii and H. rhamnoides, while it gradually decreased with increasing soil depth for the other species. The soil’s water content decreased with soil’s depth for P. sylvestris and P. sylvestris, while it showed no noticeable change with H. rhamnoides and A. sylvestris up to 120 cm in depth. A varying soil’s water content was observed with S. cheilophila in different geomorphological positions and soil layers, which showed that no obvious change on the windward, lowering of the chest and increasing of the leeward. The soil’s moisture content distribution with different vegetation restoration measures in alpine semi-arid sandy land was affected by precipitation, soil distribution, species type, plant root distribution, and dunes’ micro-topography.

Key words: alpine semi-arid sandy land, sand-fixing plants, soil moisture, seasonal variation, vertical change, Qinghai Lake

WANG Haijiao,TIAN Lihui,ZHANG Dengshan,WANG Qiaoyu. Variation of soil moisture content in vegetation restoration area of sandy land at east shore of Qinghai Lake[J].Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(1): 76-86.

Figures/Tables 7

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Tab. 1

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References 40

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编号	样地类型	位置	海拔/m	优势种	人工措施	栽种时间
XYY-SJ	半固定沙丘	36°47′N,100°47′E	3233	沙棘、小叶杨	麦草沙障+实生苗	2010年
ZZS	半固定沙丘	36°47′N,100°46′E	3223	樟子松	麦草沙障+实生苗	2009年
WL	半固定沙丘	36°47′N,100°46′E	3226	乌柳	麦草沙障+实生苗	2009年
SH	固定沙丘	36°47′N,100°47′E	3229	沙蒿	-	-

样地	部位	植物	高度/m	南北长/cm	东西长/cm	盖度/%	丰富度
XYY-SJ	迎风坡	小叶杨（乔木）	146.43±96.57	103.79±88.81	98.79±81.43	23.59±2.70	8
	丘顶		131.87±58.96	93.60±43.88	86.80±42.38	14.60±1.23	7
	背风坡		197.31±130.62	118.63±73.20	108.69±67.74	27.46±1.89	7
ZZS	迎风坡	樟子松（乔木）	121.63±36.39	88.31±29.48	90.38±23.57	54.06±1.81	4
	丘顶		122.33±30.36	84.11±18.81	78.78±18.19	24.39±1.07	5
	背风坡		103.12±29.60	73.71±19.22	74.82±18.28	39.59±1.12	4
WL	迎风坡	乌柳（半乔木）	155.50±56.97	123.25±54.96	115.5±52.67	51.81±4.70	6
	丘顶		210.83±25.77	168.67±13.44	126.67±29.79	51.41±2.19	6
	背风坡		186.57±48.50	147.57±40.26	112.57±51.42	49.82±3.93	8
XYY-SJ	迎风坡	沙棘（灌木）	41.44±14.45	61.88±26.01	73.06±28.70	8.12±0.44	8
	丘顶		69.49±26.36	99.45±37.91	96.26±36.02	49.70±0.69	7
	背风坡		61.91±34.09	83.11±34.30	79.93±27.36	32.23±0.49	7
SH	迎风坡	沙蒿（半灌木）	25.82±9.25	40.20±21.93	37.39±20.98	33.32±0.95	9
	丘顶		32.88±12.04	43.84±18.37	41.00±15.31	25.70±0.59	6
	背风坡		26.77±9.59	49.00±19.42	52.90±19.21	22.90±0.90	5

植被类型	沙丘地貌部位	土壤质量含水量/%
小叶杨	迎风坡	2.71±0.16^aA
	丘顶	2.41±0.15^aA
	背风坡	2.58±0.14^aA
樟子松	迎风坡	1.81±0.20^aB
	丘顶	2.33±0.30^aA
	背风坡	2.42±0.24^aA
乌柳	迎风坡	2.78±0.18^aA
	丘顶	1.82±0.32^bB
	背风坡	3.41±0.38^aB
沙棘	迎风坡	2.46±0.23^aA
	丘顶	2.55±0.25^aA
	背风坡	2.97±0.29^aA
沙蒿	迎风坡	3.48±0.28^aC
	丘顶	3.53±0.24^aC
	背风坡	3.09±0.31^aA

Variation of soil moisture content in vegetation restoration area of sandy land at east shore of Qinghai Lake

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